1. METHODS AND MEASURES

Question 1

EMPIRICISM

Answer 1

KNOWLEDGE BASED ON OUR EXPERIENCES
CONS- BIAS AND SUBJECTIVE

Question 2

SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Answer 2

SYSTEMATIC PROCEDURE TO DESCRIBE PREDICT AND EXPLAIN CONCEPTS

Question 3

STEPS OF SCIENTIFIC METHID

Answer 3

IDENTIFY-FORM-TEST-ANALYZE-BUILD

Question 4

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

Answer 4

CURVE IS SYMMETRICAL AND IN THE MIDDLE

Question 5

SKEWED DISTRIBUTION

Answer 5

AYSYMMMETRY DISTRIBUTION OF DATA THAT CLUSTER TO ONE SIDE

Question 6

POSTITIVE SKEWED

Answer 6

CLUSTER TO THE LEFT AND THE TAIL LEADS RIGHT

Question 7

NEGATIVE SKEWED

Answer 7

CLUSTER TO THE RIGHT AND TAIL LEADING UP FROM THE LEFT

Question 8

RANGE

Answer 8

VALUE OF LARGEST MEASUREMENT IN A FREQUENCY DISTRUBUTION, MINUS THE SMALLEST

Question 9

FREWUENCY DISTRUBUTION

Question 10

STANDARD DEVIATION

Answer 10

AVERAGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MEASUREMENTS IN A FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION AND THE MEAN OF THAT DISTRUBUTION
-AMOUNT OF VARIATION BETWEEN THAT DATA

Question 11

MEAN

Answer 11

AVERAGE

Question 12

OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

Answer 12

DEFINES A VARIABLE TO GIVE IT A SPECIFIC PROCEDURE THATS USED TO MEAURE OR MEASURE
-DATA IS UNDERSTOOD OBJECTIVELY THROUGH OBSERVATION RESEARCH

Question 13

VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY = A GOOD MEASUREMENT?

Answer 13

reliability-IT IS CONSISTENT OVER TIME
VALIDITY- MEASUREMENT MUST BE RELATED TO THE STUDY

Question 14

SELF REPORT MEASURES

Answer 14

QUESTIONNAIRES, INTERVIEWS- THEY REPORT SUBJECTIVELY
CONS- SOCIAL DESIRABILITY BIAS
SOLUTION- USE DIFFERENT WORDING, CONFIDENTIALITY

Question 15

OBSERVATIONAL MEASURES FOR EXPERIMENT

Answer 15

MEASURES OVERT/OBVIOUS BEHAVIOR
REQUIRES AN OPERATIONAL DEF OF THE BEHAVIOUR (DV)
OBSERVERS MUST BE TRAINED
CONS- CAN CHANGE THEIR BEHAVIOR WHILE BEING OBSERVED, DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS

Question 16

PARTICIPATION; DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS

Answer 16

FORM AN INTERPRETATION OF THE EXPERIEMENT’S PURPOSE THAT SUBCONSCIOUSLY CHANGES THEIR BEHAVIOR
SOLUTION- UNOBSTRUCTIVE MEASURES

Question 17

PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS TYPES

Answer 17

MEASURE PARTICULAR VARIABLES- LIKE PERSONALITY, INTELLIGENCE

Question 18

PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASURES OF THE BODY

Answer 18

HEART RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE ETC, BIO
CON- WE DONT KNOW WHAT THESES CHANGES COULD MEAN

Question 19

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

Answer 19

EXPLAINS HOW AN INDIVIDUAL BEHAVES
. OBSERVES BEHAVIOR TO EXPLAIN IT
EX) CASE STUDIES, NAT OBSERVATION, SURVEYS
CON- NO CONTROLS

Question 20

DESCRIPTIVE RES; NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION

Answer 20

ADV- RICH DESCRIPTION OF BEHAVIOR AVOIDS DEMAND CHARACTERISTICS
CON- CANT INFORM THEM, REQUIRES LONG PERIODS

Question 21

DESCRIPTIVE RES; SURVEY RESEARCH

Answer 21

QUESTIONS VIA QUESTIONNAIRE OR INTERVIEW
EX) POLITICAL POLL, MARKETING

Question 22

DESCRIP RES; SURVEY’ POPULATION

Answer 22

AN ENTIRE SET OF INDIVIDUALS WHO WE THEORETICALLY WANT TO ASK THESE QUESTIONS TO

Question 23

DESCRIP RES; SURVEY; SAMPLE

Answer 23

A SUBSET OF INDIVIDUALS DRAWN FROM A POPULATION

Question 24

REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE

Answer 24

REFLECTS THE IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS OF A POPULATION, IN THE SAME PROPORTION

Question 25

RANDOM SAMPLE

Answer 25

EVERY MEMBER OF THE POPULATION HAS AN EQUAL PROBABILITY OF BEING CHOSEN

Question 26

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH

Answer 26

LOOKS FOR ASSOCIATION BETWEEN 2 OR MORE MEASURED VARIABLES THROUGH STAT THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VARIABLES EX) DOES BIRTH ORDER IMPACT PERSONALITY? CORRELATION DOES NOT = CAUSATION

Question 27

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH- THIRD VARIABLE PROBLEM

Answer 27

2 VARIABLES MAY BE RELATED TO EACH OTHER BC THEY ARE BOTH CASUALLY RELATED TO A THRID VARIABLE =NO CAUSATION BETWEEN INITIAL 2 VARIABLES

Question 28

NEGATIVE CORRELATION

Answer 28

INCREASE IN ONE VARIABLE = AN DECREASE IN THE OTHER EX) MORE EXERCISE =LESS LIKELY GETTING HEALTH ISSUES

Question 28

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH; CORRELATION COEFF

Answer 28

DESCRIBES RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN 2 VARIABLES, ON A -1 TO +1 SCALE ABSOLUTE VALUE/ NUMBER= STRENGTH

Question 29

POSITIVE CORRELATION

Answer 29

INCREASE IN ONE VARIABLE = INCREASE IN THE OTHER

Question 30

SCATTERPLOTS

Answer 30

USED TO DEPICT CORRELATIONS CASUALLY WITH A GRAPH ADV- SHOWS STRENGTH, PREDICTS, REAL WORLD ASSOCIATIONS CON- CANT ASSUME CAUSE EFFECT, 3RD VARIABLE POSS

Question 31

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

Answer 31

1. 2 CONDITIONS TO MANIPULATE 1 VARIABLE EX) LOUD TRAFFIC NOISE VS QUIET 2. THEN, MEASURING CHANGES IN ANOTHER VARIABLE -MANIPULATION OF VARIABLES! 3. HOLDING ALL FACTORS CONSTANT THAT CREATES A CONTROL FOR THE VARIABLE

Question 32

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

Answer 32

THE VARIABLE THAT IS MANIPULATED EX) THE TRAFFIC NOISE

Question 33

DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Answer 33

VARIABLE THAT IS MEASURED IN THE STUDY EX) HOW PEOPLE REACT -IT IS INFLUENCED BY THE IV

Question 34

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH; BETWEEN GROUPS OR SUBJECT

Answer 34

EACH GROUP IS COMPOSED OF DIFF SET OF PARTICIPANTS THRERE ARE 2 GROUPS FOR 2 TREATMENTS EX) PEOPLE USED TO TRAFFIC NOISE VS NOT

Question 35

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH; REPEATED MEASURES/ WITHIN SUBJECT

Answer 35

EACH PARTICIPANT IS EXPOSED TO ALL THE CONDITIONS OF AN INDEPENDENT VARIABLE -ONE GROUP FOR 2 TREATMENTS

Question 36

ETHICS

Answer 36

PROTECT, AVOID DOING HARM, BENEFIT OVER RISK, CONSENT, PRIVACY