4. MSK intro + skull and spine Flashcards

(21 cards)

1
Q

muscle compartments

A
  • muscles in the limbs are arranged into compartments separated by fascia
  • compartments share function, nerve supply, and blood supply
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2
Q

skull functions

A
  • protect brain and brainstem
  • protect sensory organs
  • attachment sites for muscles and ligaments
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3
Q

how many skull bones

A

22

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4
Q

craniosyntosis

A

premature fusion of cranial sutures
- suture dysfunction
- saggital craniosyntosis results in narrow skull
- bicoronal craniosyntosis results in abnormal vertical height of the skull and forehead retrusion

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5
Q

Pterion

A
  • the meeting point of the frontal, temporal and sphenoid bones
  • overlies meninges artery
  • damage in this region can cause an extradural haematoma
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6
Q

vertebral column functions

A
  • balances skull
  • supports thoracic cage
  • attachment sites for muscles and ligaments
  • protects spinal cord
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7
Q

spine regions

A

a flexible rod
- cervical 7
- thoracic 12
- lumbar 5
- saccral 5 fused
- coccygeal 3-4 fused

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8
Q

spine curvatures

A
  • alternate to form S shape
  • initially begin as a primary C shaped curvature
  • provide flexibility and shock absorption
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9
Q

cervical vertebrae function

A

support skull

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10
Q

thoracic vertebrae function

A

rib attachments

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11
Q

lumbar vertebrae function

A

weight bearing

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12
Q

specialised vertebrae

A
  • C1- atlas
  • C2 - axis
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13
Q

Atlas vertebrae

A

C1
- no body
- transmits force from skull to cervical spine

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14
Q

Axis vertebrae

A
  • dens
  • no disc
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15
Q

lumbar puncture

A
  • usually between L3-L4 (below where the spinal cord terminates)
  • removal of cerebrospinal fluid
  • helps with diagnosis of serious infections and disorders of the CNS
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16
Q

scoliosis

A

unusual curvature of the spine
- common in young people and european people
- idiopathic
- can be realigned by very major surgery

17
Q

vertebral compression fracture symptoms (osteoporosis)

A
  • sudden onset low back pain
  • limited spinal mobility
  • kyphotic deformity
  • height loss
18
Q

vertebral compression fracture diagnosis (osteoporosis)

A

x-ray
- initial management not surgical

19
Q

vertebral compression fractures prevalence (osteoporosis)

A
  • increases with age
  • 25% of post menopausal woman
  • 40% of woman over 80
20
Q

whiplash injury

A
  • hyperextension of the neck (often from rear-end collisions)
  • anterior longitudinal ligament is stretched or torn
  • anterior intervertebral disc and vertebrae also affected
21
Q

erector spinae