4. MSK intro + skull and spine Flashcards
(21 cards)
muscle compartments
- muscles in the limbs are arranged into compartments separated by fascia
- compartments share function, nerve supply, and blood supply
skull functions
- protect brain and brainstem
- protect sensory organs
- attachment sites for muscles and ligaments
how many skull bones
22
craniosyntosis
premature fusion of cranial sutures
- suture dysfunction
- saggital craniosyntosis results in narrow skull
- bicoronal craniosyntosis results in abnormal vertical height of the skull and forehead retrusion
Pterion
- the meeting point of the frontal, temporal and sphenoid bones
- overlies meninges artery
- damage in this region can cause an extradural haematoma
vertebral column functions
- balances skull
- supports thoracic cage
- attachment sites for muscles and ligaments
- protects spinal cord
spine regions
a flexible rod
- cervical 7
- thoracic 12
- lumbar 5
- saccral 5 fused
- coccygeal 3-4 fused
spine curvatures
- alternate to form S shape
- initially begin as a primary C shaped curvature
- provide flexibility and shock absorption
cervical vertebrae function
support skull
thoracic vertebrae function
rib attachments
lumbar vertebrae function
weight bearing
specialised vertebrae
- C1- atlas
- C2 - axis
Atlas vertebrae
C1
- no body
- transmits force from skull to cervical spine
Axis vertebrae
- dens
- no disc
lumbar puncture
- usually between L3-L4 (below where the spinal cord terminates)
- removal of cerebrospinal fluid
- helps with diagnosis of serious infections and disorders of the CNS
scoliosis
unusual curvature of the spine
- common in young people and european people
- idiopathic
- can be realigned by very major surgery
vertebral compression fracture symptoms (osteoporosis)
- sudden onset low back pain
- limited spinal mobility
- kyphotic deformity
- height loss
vertebral compression fracture diagnosis (osteoporosis)
x-ray
- initial management not surgical
vertebral compression fractures prevalence (osteoporosis)
- increases with age
- 25% of post menopausal woman
- 40% of woman over 80
whiplash injury
- hyperextension of the neck (often from rear-end collisions)
- anterior longitudinal ligament is stretched or torn
- anterior intervertebral disc and vertebrae also affected
erector spinae