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HIT 140 > 4. Whole Body Terms > Flashcards

4. Whole Body Terms Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

The cavity beneath the thoracic cavity

Contains the gallbladder, intestines, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, and stomach

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2
Q

abdominoplevic cavity

A

Describes the abdominal and pelvic cavity collectively

Refers to the space between the diaphragm and the groin

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3
Q

anaplasia

A

A change in the structure and orientation of cells,

Characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form

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4
Q

anatomical position

A

References the body as a whole

Person is standing with arms at the sides and palms turned forward; head and feet also forward

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5
Q

anterior

A

Pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body

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6
Q

aplasia

A

Without growth of organ or tissue

A developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue

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7
Q

cardiac muscle

A

The muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart

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8
Q

caudal

A

Pertaining to the tail

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9
Q

cell

A

The smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter

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10
Q

cell membrane

A

The semipermeable barrier around a cell

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11
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

The first 7 segments of the spinal column

C1-C7

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12
Q

chromosomes

A

Threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction

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13
Q

coccyx

A

The tailbone.

Located at the end of the vertebral column

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14
Q

connective tissue

A

Supporting tissue
Tissue that supports and binds other tissue and body parts
Ex. Adipose, blood, bone, cartilage, fat, ligaments, tendons

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15
Q

cranial

A

Pertaining to the skull or cranium

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16
Q

cranial cavity

A

The cavity that contains the brain

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17
Q

cytology

A

The study of cells

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18
Q

cytoplasm

A

Gel-like substance that contains cell organs called organelles

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19
Q

organelles

A

Carryout the essential functions of a cell

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20
Q

deep

A

Away from the surface and toward the inside of the body

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21
Q

distal

A

Away from or farthest from the torso/trunk

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22
Q

dorsal cavity

A

Pertaining to the back

Contains cranial and spinal cavities

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23
Q

dorsum

A

The back or posterior surface of a part

In the foot, the top of the foot

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24
Q

dysplasia

A

Any abnormal development of tissues or organs

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25
epigastric region
Region above the stomach
26
diaphragm
Separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities
27
epithelial tissue
Tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs
28
frontal plane
AKA Coronal plane | Vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet; dividing the body into front and back sections
29
genes
Segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics
30
histologist
A medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissues
31
hyperplasia
Excessive tissue | Increase in the number of cells of a body part
32
hypogastric region
Below the stomach
33
hypoplasia
Underdeveloped tissue | Incomplete or underdeveloped organs or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells
34
inferior
Below or downward toward the tail or feet
35
inguinal regions
Groin
36
intervertebral disc
A falt, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the vertebrae
37
lateral
Toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body
38
long axis
The imaginary line created by directing a vertical line through the middle of the body from the top of the head down to feet; midline of the body
39
lumbar vertebrae
The largest and strongest of the vertebrae of the spinal column, located in the lower back. Consists of 5 large segments
40
lysosomes
Cell organs / organelles in cytoplasm Contain digestive enzymes Destroy bacteria by digesting them Garbagemen
41
McBurney's Point
Point on the right side of the abdomen between the umbilicus and anterior bony protrusion of the hip May suggest appendicitis
42
medial
Toward the midline of the body
43
mediolateral
Pertaining to the middle and side of a structure
44
membrane
A thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space
45
midline of the body
An imaginary line created when the body is divided into equal left and right halves
46
midsagittal plane
AKA sagittal plane | The plane that dives the body or structure into right and left portions
47
mitochondria
Cell organs / organelles in cytoplasm Provides the energy for essential functions Powerhouse
48
Munro's Point
A point on the left side of the body between the umbilicus and anterior bony protrusion of the hip
49
muscle tissue
The tissue capable of producing movement by contracting and relaxing the fibers Three types: skeletal, smooth/visceral, cardiac
50
navel
The umbilicus; the belly button
51
neoplasia
The new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant
52
nervous tissue
Tissue that transmits nerve impulses that control the many functions of the body
53
nucleus
Central part of a cell Contains chromosomes (DNA) Enclosed within cell membrane
54
organ
Tissues arranged together to perform a special function
55
pelvic cavity
The lower front cavity of the body, located beneath the abdominal cavity; contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs
56
peritoneum
Serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall | Reflected over the contained viscera
57
plane
Imaginary slices made though the body as if a dividing sheet where passed through the body at a particular angle and/or direction
58
plantar
Pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot
59
posterior
Pertaining to the back of the body
60
pronation
A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward and backward
61
prone
Lying facedown on the abdomen
62
proximal
Toward or nearest to the torso/trunk
63
ribosomes
Cell organs / organelles in cytoplasm Synthesize (makes) proteins Called "protein factories"
64
sacrum
The singular triangular-shaped bone near end of vertebral column
65
skeletal muscle
Muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton
66
smooth muscle
Muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines
67
spinal cavity
The cavity that contains the nerves of the spinal cord
68
superficial
Pertaining to the surface of the body or near the surface | Ex paper cut
69
supination
A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward
70
superior
Above or upward toward the head
71
supine
Lying horizontally on the back, face-up
72
system
Organs that work together to perform the many functions of the body as a whole
73
thoracic cavity
The chest cavity; contains aorta, esophagus, heart, lungs, and trachea
74
thoracic vertebrae
The second segment of 12 vertebrae that make up the vertebral bones of the chest
75
tissue
A group of cells that perform specialized/common functions | Four types: connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous
76
transverse plane
AKA axial plane | Planes cutting perpendicular through the body, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) regions
77
umbilical region
Belly button | Region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen; below the epigastric region
78
umbilicus
Navel, belly button | Landmark for dividing the quadrants of the abdomen
79
ventral cavity
Pertaining to the front, belly side | Contains thoracic, diaphragm, abdominal, and pelvic cavities
80
visceral
Pertaining to the internal organs
81
visceral muscle
Muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines
82
Coronal plane
Body plane AKA Frontal plane Divides body into front and back sections
83
axial plane
AKA transverse plane | Planes cutting perpendicular through the body, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) regions
84
sagittal plane
AKA midsagittal plane | The plane that dives the body or structure into right and left portions
85
Three body planes
Coronal/frontal Axial/transverse Sagittal/midsagittal
86
RUQ
Right upper quadrant | Gallbladder
87
LUQ
Left upper quadrant | Stomach, spleen, pancreas
88
RLQ
Right lower quadrant | Appendicitis , ovaries
89
LLQ
Left lower quadrant Large/small intestine Ovaries
90
Two major body cavities
Ventral and dorsal
91
ventral
AKA anterior | Toward the belly of the body, front
92
anterior
AKA ventral | Toward the belly of the body, front
93
dorsal
AKA posterior | Pertaining to the ba
94
posterior
AKA dorsal | Pertaining to the back

HIT 140 (12 decks)

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