402 Exam 1 Ppt

Question 1

What do chemical mediators do

Answer 1

They act as alarms to notify surrounding area of injury

Question 2

What are the 3 steps in acute inflammation

Answer 2

1. Cellular injury
2. Release of chemical mediators
3. Chemical mediators cause: vasodilation, edema, cellular infiltration, thrombosis, pain.

Question 3

What are 5 things chemical mediators cause
(VECTP)

Answer 3

Vasodilation
Edema
Cellular infiltration
Thrombosis
Pain

Question 4

What life threatening condition is caused by the rapid release of inflammatory mediators on a large scale throughout the body.

Answer 4

Anaphylaxis

Question 5

What are adverse effects of Asprin

Answer 5

GI bleeding and gastric upset.
Dizziness, tinnitus, HA

Question 6

If a patient is receiving warfarin or heparin can they also have asprin

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Can children have asprin

Answer 7

No.

Question 8

What class is asprin

Answer 8

Non opioid analgesic; NSAID, antipyretic

Question 9

Asprin can reduce incidence of what

Answer 9

Stroke and also reduces risk of mortality after MI

Question 10

What are the 3 symptoms ibuprofen is used for

Answer 10

Pain, fever, inflammation

Question 11

Adverse effects of ibuprofen

Answer 11

Nausea
Heartburn
Dizziness
Can increase BP (Na retention)
Nephrotoxicity
Bleeding

Question 12

Black box warning for Ibuprofen

Answer 12

Increased risk of serious thrombotic events, MI, and stroke

Question 13

What does acetaminophen treat

Answer 13

Fever and pain

Question 14

Acetaminophen effect what organ adversely and has a black box warning for it

Answer 14

Liver - it can cause severe or fatal liver injury

Question 15

Antidote for acetaminophen

Answer 15

N-acetylcysteine

Question 16

What is prednisone used for

Answer 16

Severe inflammation

Question 17

Adverse affects of prednisone

Answer 17

Mood swings
Weight gain
Na retention and edema
K loss
Hyperglycemia
Immunosuppressive ; increases risk of infections

Question 18

If mom has negative blood type and the father is positive, RhoGAM will do what and when is it given

Answer 18

It’s given at 28 weeks and it prevents the mom’s body from making antibodies against baby’s cells.

Question 19

What is HBIG (who and when is it recommended)

Answer 19

Hepatitis B immune globulin.
It prevents hepatitis b from being passed from mom to baby during childbirth

Question 20

What is the schedule for the hepatitis b series

Answer 20

2nd dose given 1 month after first
3 dose given 6 months after first dose

First dose given following birth.

Question 21

Cyclosporine is what kind of drug
Adverse effects
Interactions

Answer 21

DMARD
Immunosuppressant by inhibiting helper T cells

Reduced urinary output
HTN
Tremor

Grapefruit
Phenytoin
Rifampin

Question 22

What inflammatory disorders would you use immunosuppressant therapy for

Answer 22

RA
Lupus
Ankylosis spondylitis

Question 23

Black box warning for cyclosporine

Answer 23

Serious risk for infections when taking this medication
Nephrotoxic at high doses

Question 24

What are signs of transplant rejection

Answer 24

Increased Cr and BUN
Decreased urine output
Flu like symptoms
Hypertension
Tachycardia

Question 25

What are the first mass produced antibiotic isolated from fungus

Answer 25

Penicillins

Question 26

Most common adverse effect of penicillin

Answer 26

Allergy (Rash, pruritis, fever)

Question 27

How long would you observe a patient who you just administered penicillin to, for an allergic reaction

Answer 27

30 minutes

Question 28

What are adverse effects of penicillin

Answer 28

Diarrhea Nausea Vomiting Anaphylaxis

Question 29

Which drug class is similar to penicillin and previous penicillin allergy should be considered when prescribed this

Answer 29

Cephalosporin

Question 30

Should erythromycin be taken with or without food?

Answer 30

On an empty stomach with full glass of water.

Question 31

Adver effects of erythromycin

Answer 31

Nausea/vomiting Dizziness Hearing loss

Question 32

What class antibiotic is Erythromycin

Answer 32

Macrolide

Question 33

Do not give erythromycin immediately before or after fruit juices T/f

Answer 33

T

Question 34

What class of antibiotic is gentamicin

Answer 34

Aminoglycoside.

Question 35

What class of antibiotics are reserved generally for serious systemic infections

Answer 35

Aminoglycosides

Question 36

Black box warning for Gentamicin (NONN)

Answer 36

Neurotoxicity Ototoxicity Nephrotoxicity Neuromuscular blockade and Respiratory paralysis

Question 37

Adverse effects for Gentamicin

Answer 37

Rash Nausea/ vomiting Fatigue

Question 38

What would you want to monitor trough levels for with gentamicin administration

Answer 38

To avoid toxic levels

Question 39

Administration alerts for Ciprofloxacin

Answer 39

Administer 4hrs before antacids or ferrous sulfate

Question 40

Black box warning for ciprofloxacin

Answer 40

Tendinitis and tendon rupture may occur.

Question 41

What class of drug is ciprofloxacin

Answer 41

Fluoroquinolone

Question 42

Adverse effects of ciprofloxacin

Answer 42

Nausea/vomiting, diarrhea

Question 43

Adverse effects of metronidazole (flagyl)

Answer 43

Nause/vomiting Dizziness Dryness of mouth and metallic taste.

Question 44

What antibiotic drug disrupts nucleus acid synthesis

Answer 44

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Question 45

What part of pregnancy is flagyl contraindicated for

Answer 45

First trimester

Question 46

What kind of bacteria does Vancomycin fight

Answer 46

Severe Gram positive infections

Question 47

Adverse effects of vancomycin

Answer 47

Ototoxicity Nephrotoxic Red Man Syndrome. : Hypotension with flushing and a red rash. (Occurs with rapid IV admin because of large histamine release in body.

Question 48

What is the most effective drug for treating MRSA infections

Answer 48

Vancomycin

Question 49

With Vancomycin administration what do you monitor

Answer 49

Peaks and troughs.

Question 50

What type of precaution is used for TB

Answer 50

Airborne

Question 51

How long is TB treatment usually

Answer 51

6-12 months

Question 52

What are symptoms of TB

Answer 52

Low grade fever Lethargy Hemoptysis (blood through mouth from bronchi, or lungs) Cough and or SOB

Question 53

Can you treat TB with one antibiotic?

Answer 53

No 2-4 will be administered concurrently

Question 54

What is the first line drug for TB

Answer 54

Ethambutol

Question 55

What are adverse effects of ethambutol

Answer 55

Nausea/vomiting HA Dizziness Optic neuritis Anaphylaxis

Question 56

What are the most common medications prescribed together for TB

Answer 56

Isoniazid Rifampin Pyrazinamide

Question 57

Rifampin side effect on urine

Answer 57

Turns it orange

Question 58

What are 3 types of mycobacteria infections

Answer 58

TB Leprosy Mycobacterium avium complex(MAC) (most commonly seen in patients with AIDS

Question 59

Isoniazid should be given when in regards to food?

Answer 59

1 hr after or 2 hours prior to meals

Question 60

Common fungal infection of skin, nail, oral cavity. Symptoms of white patches or bright red rash

Answer 60

Candidiasis

Question 61

Common fungal infection of scalp which is characterized by scaly, red and itchy

Answer 61

Ringworm of scalp (tinea capitis )

Question 62

What is Nystatin used for What forms does it come in How do you store it

Answer 62

Superficial anti fungal Cream, ointment, powder, tablet, and lozenge forms. Store at room temp.

Question 63

What is the drug Zidovudine (retrovir) used for. Its class. Administration alert and black box warning

Answer 63

Used to treat HIV infection It is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) Take on empty stomach with full glass of water. Avoid juice. Black box= lactic acidosis, bone marrow suppression resulting in anemia.

Question 64

How is hepatitis A spread

Answer 64

Oral-fecal route (Commonly caused by contaminated food)

Question 65

How is hep C transmitted

Answer 65

Through Exposure to infected blood or body fluids

Question 66

Is there a vaccine for hepatitis A or C?

Answer 66

Yes for A, no for C

Question 67

70% of Hepatitis C patients develop what

Answer 67

Chronic hepatitis

Question 68

What is the pharmacotherapy for chronic hepatitis C ?

Answer 68

Combination of 2-3 antivirals concurrently.

Question 69

What is the drug cyclophosphamide used for and its class

Answer 69

It’s an antineoplastic(anti cancer tumor) It’s an alkylating agent; nitrogen mustard. Which is a powerful immunosuppressant

Question 70

Cyclophosphamide has what side effects

Answer 70

Bone marrow suppression Increases risk of severe infections Reversible alopecia

Question 71

Methotrexate type of drug and how it works

Answer 71

Antineoplastic Antimetabolite; folic acid analog (It blocks the synthesis of folic acid)

Question 72

Methotrexate administration alerts

Answer 72

Avoid sun exposure

Question 73

Black box warning for methotrexate

Answer 73

Bone marrow suppression Hepatotoxic

Question 74

What class of drug is Tamoxifen and its adverse effects

Answer 74

Hormone antagonist used to treat cancer tumors. Adverse effects are : Hot flashes Insomnia Breast enlargement/pain ha

Question 75

How old do you need to be to get the shingles vaccine

Answer 75

Over 50

Question 76

Cyclophosphamide can result in sterility T/f

Answer 76

T

Question 77

A client is receiving methotrexate​ (MTX, Rheumatrex,​ Trexall). Which assessment finding should the nurse find most​ concerning? Weight loss Diarrhea Headache Immunosuppression

Answer 77

Diarrhea ( risk of hemorrhaging)

Question 78

What are examples of process barriers in the non specific immune system

Answer 78

Fever, complement, phagocytes, inflammation.