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PD Block 2 > Genitourinary > Flashcards

Genitourinary Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dorsal portion of the penis called

A

Corpus cavernosum

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2
Q

What is the ventral part of the penis called

A

Corpus sponginosum. The glans penis is the extension of the sponginosum

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3
Q

Where is the prostate gland located

A

Inferior to the bladder, just anterior to the rectal wall and before the corpus cavernosum begins (surrounds the urethra)

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4
Q

What muscle controls the scrotum

A

Cremaster muscle

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5
Q

Where is the epididymis located

A

On the posterolateral and upper aspect of the testicle

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6
Q

Function of the epididymis

A

Storage, maturation, and transit of sperm

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7
Q

Where is the vas deferens located

A

At the tail of the epididymis, ascends up as the spermatic cord and connects with the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct

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8
Q

What does the prostate produce

A

The majority of the ejaculatory fluid (fibrinolysin - liquifies semen)

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9
Q

What structure becomes engorged during erection

A

The corpus cavernosum (20-50mL)

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10
Q

What system controls erection

A

The ANS - Arterial dilation and decreased venous outflow.

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11
Q

What structures are a part of ejaculation

A
  1. Vas deferens
  2. Epididymides
  3. Prostate
  4. Seminal vesicles
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12
Q

What happens after orgasm

A

Constriction of the blood vessels of corpus cavernosum, and gradual detumescence

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13
Q

What do you observe during INSPECTION of genitals

A
  1. Hair distribution
  2. The skin on the penis
  3. Lesions or masses
  4. Urethral meatus
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14
Q

What does the palpation portion consist of

A

Circumcised vs uncircumcised. If uncircumcised, retract the foreskin
palpate the shaft for tenderness

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15
Q

What is a normal finding of uncircumcised

A

the foreskin should retract easily and a white cheesy sebaceous fluid may be present (smegma)

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16
Q

Phimosis

A

Foreskin is too tight nd cannot be retracted

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17
Q

Balanitis

A

Inflammation of the glans

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18
Q

What is phimosis caused by

A

May occur during first 6 years of life, or because of balanitis, precancerous

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19
Q

Paraphimosis

A

Retracted foreskin cannot resume normal place over the glans.

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20
Q

What are you looking for during stripping of the urethra

A

Any discharge (may indicate and STI)

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21
Q

What are you looking for during ureteral meatus inspection

A
  1. Position of the urethral opening
  2. Discharge
  3. Meatal stenosis
  4. Warts, ulcers, nodules
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22
Q

What are you looking for during scrotal inspection

A
  1. Appearance - redness
  2. Skin (lumps, thickening)
  3. Asymmetry
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23
Q

Why can the scrotum be asymmetric

A

Because the left testicle has a longer spermatic cord and is often lower

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24
Q

How do you palpate the testes

A

Using the thumb and first two fingers

25
Q

What should a normal testicle feel like

A

Smooth and rubbery and free of nodules

26
Q

What should the epididymis feel like

A

Nontender, smooth, discrete, larger cephalad

27
Q

When do you transilluminate

A

Through the testicles, when a hydrocele or spermatocele is suspected (fluid or mass)

28
Q

Hypospadias

A

Congenital defect in which urethral meatus(opening) is located on the ventral (underneath) surface of the glans or base of penis

29
Q

What does the scrotum contain

A
  1. Testis
  2. Epididymis
  3. Spermatic cord - vas deferens
  4. Cremaster muscle
30
Q

Chancre

A

Usually a single painless ulcer and is the primary (1st) stage of syphillis. usually seen on the glans

31
Q

Condyloma

A

Genital warts caused by HPV, usually on glans or shaft of penis

32
Q

Peyronie disease

A

A fibrous band (plaque) on the corpus cavernous. Very hard. May be trauma, congenital or inflammation

33
Q

Hydrocele

A

Fluid accumulation in the scrotum-tunica vaginalis (common in infants)

34
Q

Spermatocele

A

Benign cyst caused from accumulation of sperm. Occurs on epididymis. Will transilluminate

35
Q

Varicocele

A

Abnormal tortuosity and dilation of veins within the spermatic cord (pampiniform plexus)and testes(most common on the left side)

36
Q

Epididymitis

A

Inflammation of the epididymis (seen with UTI)

37
Q

What does the fecal occult blood test

A

Test for the presence of blood in the fecal smear. Guiac card

38
Q

What does the cremasteric reflex test for

A

The contraction of the scrotum (testis). This is under nervous control so if it does not contract it may be indicative of nerve damage or trauma

39
Q

How do you palpate an inguinal hernia

A

Through the inguinal ring

40
Q

What additional documentation is done with male adolescence

A

The tanner stages

41
Q

What are you looking for in infants

A

Mostly congenital defects, masses, hernias, hydroceles

42
Q

Tanner stage 1p

A

No pubic hair

43
Q

Tanner stage 2p

A

Some hair, slightly pigmented (straight)

44
Q

Tanner stage 3p

A

Dark hair, starting to curl

45
Q

Tanner stage 4p

A

Pubic hair like adult, but does not extend any farther than inguinal fold

46
Q

Tanner stage 5p

A

Adult distribution, hair spreads to thighs but not up

47
Q

Tanner stage 6p

A

Hair going up linea alba

48
Q

Tanner stage 1g

A

Testes, scrotum and penis the size of young child

49
Q

Tanner stage 2g

A

Enlargement of scrotum and testes

50
Q

Tanner stage 3g

A

Enlargement of penis and testes which are now in scrotum

51
Q

Tanner stage 4g

A

Continued enlargement of penis and sculpting of the glans(not quite adult)

52
Q

Tanner stage 5g

A

Penis reaching towards the bottom of the scrotum

53
Q

Testicular tumor

A

found in the testicles, most are germ cell cancers. Painless mass

54
Q

Epispadias

A

A rare birth defect of the penis in which the urethra ends in an opening on the upper aspect of the penis

55
Q

Indirect inguinal hernia

A

soft swelling in area of internal ring, comes down canal and touches fingertip on exam

56
Q

Direct inguinal hernia

A

bulge in area of Hesselbach triangle, bulges anteriorly pushes against side of finger on exam

57
Q

Femoral hernia

A

Occurs farther down the grown, not felt in inguinal canal exam.

58
Q

cryptorchidism

A

Absence of one or both testes from the scrotum. most common birth defect in men

PD Block 2 (6 decks)

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