Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PD Block 2 > Cardiac > Flashcards

Cardiac Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Pericardium

A

Double walled lining covering the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

R/L Ventricles

A

Lower chambers of the heart. R pumps blood into the pulmonary artery. L pumps blood into the aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

R/L Atrium

A

Upper chambers of the heart Pumps blood into the ventricles. R receives blood from the SVC/IVC. L receives blood from the Pulmonary vein.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aortic Valve

A

Separates the L ventricle from the aorta.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Pulmonic valve

A

Separates the R ventricle from the pulmonic valve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Great vessels

A

IVC, SVC, Aorta, pulmonary veins and arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Apex

A

The point or tip of the heart. Located around the left 5th intercostal, midclavicular line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Base

A

Broad upper border of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Precordium

A

Area of chest overlying the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Valve that separates the R atrium and ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mitral vavle

A

valve that separates the L atrium and ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Systole

A

Ventricles are at maximum contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Diastole

A

Ventricles are max relaxation, refilling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PMI

A

Point of maximal pulse at apex. Represents ventricular contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Thrill

A

Palpable murmur, signifies turbulent blood flow. Can be felt with ulnar surface of the hand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Heave/lift

A

Sustained palpable movements of localized areas of the precordium. Usually due to increased intensity of systolic contraction or hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Situs inversus/dextrocardia

A

Condition in which the heart and the liver are flipped. Heart is to the right, liver is the to left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SA Node

A

Start of heart contraction signal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Electrical signal pathway for heart contraction

A

SA node - AV Node (small pause) - Bundle of his - R/L Bundles - Purkinje Fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

P wave

A

depolarization of the atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

PR interval

A

Stimulation of Atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ST interval

A

Ventricle repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do you look for during inspection of the heart

A
  1. Look for signs of acute cardiac distress
  2. Cyanosis of the skin, pallor, cool temp
  3. Respiratory difficulty
  4. Chest pain, levines sign, clutching chest
  5. Anxiety
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What external signs do you look for with chronic heart conditions
1. Skin - clubbing, xanthelasma - cyanotic heart disease 2. Body habitus 3. Inspection of the PMI
26
Where is the PMI located (ribs)
4th or 5th ICS, midclavicular line
27
Where do you palpate for a thrill
Over each area that corresponds with a valve
28
What do you hear in the 2nd right ICS
Aortic valve
29
What do you hear in the 2nd and 3rd left ICS
Pulmonic valve
30
Erbs point
3rd left ICS, tricuspid valve
31
S2
Dub, closing of the pulmonic and aortic valves. Means blood as been ejected and the ventricles are relaxing. Marks the end of systole
32
S1
Lub, closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves. | Marks the beginning of systole
33
Where is the tricuspid valve best heard
4th left ICS or erbs point
34
Where is the mitral valve best heard
4th or 5th left ICS
35
What are you assessing for during palpation of the chest
1. PMI | 2. Abnormal cardiac impulses, lifts, heaves, thrills
36
What are you listening for during auscultation
1. Normal heart sounds 2. Rate and rhythm 3. Abnormal heart sounds
37
When does splitting occur
During deep inspiration
38
What happens during splitting (physiological)
Deep inspiration, causes an increase in the chest pressure. Causes an increase in venous blood return. Because of this there is more blood to eject from R ventricle during systole which takes longer. This causes a delay in the s2 sound
39
2 types of pathologic splitting
1. Fixed splitting | 2. Paradoxic splitting
40
Fixed splitting
Splitting sound is always there regardless of breathing. septal defect
41
Paradoxic splitting
Aortic valve closure is delayed. Pulmonic valve closes first Reverse of physiologic splitting
42
Which valve closes first during splitting
Aortic
43
Fatigue
Tired, lethargic, suggests angina, MI, acute endocartitis
44
Dyspea
Difficult and labored breathing, chest pain, angina, MI
45
Diaphoresis
Excessive sweating, acute cardiac disease
46
Claudication
limping due to pain in butt or calf. Suggest muscle ischemia
47
xanthelasma
yellow deposits of fat underneath the skin on eyelids, mitral insufficiency
48
cough
dry cough with sharp stabbing chest pain may suggest pericarditis
49
orthopnea
SOB when lying down, suggest CHF, left side
50
Paroxysmal noctural dyspnea
SOB which wakes you in the night, mitral insufficiency
51
What could you do if someone has an irregular rhythm
Compare apical and radial pulses. Note the pulse deficit
52
syncope
temporary loss of consciousness caused by a drop in blood pressure. May indicate Cor Pulmonale (enlargement of the R ventricle)
53
postural or orthostatic hypotension
Decrease in BP when you go from lying to standing. Must be a drop of at least 20mm Hg in systolic pressure
54
Murmur
An abnormal turbulent blood flow that occurs because of valve stenosis or damaged (regurgitation) valve
55
Systolic murmurs
1. Aortic/pulmonic stenosis | 2. Mitral/tricuspid regurgitation
56
Diastolic murmurs
1. Aortic/pulmonic regurgitation | 2. Mitral/tricuspid stenosis
57
7 dimensions of a murmur
1. timing/duration 2. pitch 3. intensity 4. pattern 5. location 6. radtiation 7. respiratory phase variations
58
Timing/duration
Is murmur systolic or diastolic and is it mid late
59
Intensity of murmur
Measure on a scale of 1-6. Most people would be in the 3 range. Anything 4 and above has a palpable thrill
60
pattern
crescendo, decrescendo of a murmur
61
What would you have the patient do to accentuate an aortic murmur
Have them sit upright, lean forward and listen the the right 2nd ICS wile exhaling
62
Preload
Stretch of ventricular muscle fibers at end of diastole. CO increases with preload
63
Afterload
The load or resistance against which the left ventricle must eject its volume of blood during contraction
64
What is the resistance in after load produced by
Volume of blood already in the vascular system and by constriction of vessel walls
65
S3
Beginning of diastole, first phase of ventricular filling
66
S4
Kick of the atria to get all of the blood into the ventricles
67
Gallop
General name for hearing s3 or s4
68
Rub
Cardiac tissue touching pericardial sac, pericarditis
69
Click
Clicking sound made by a mitral valve regurgitation or prolapse
70
Snap
Sound of abnormal blood flow through the valve during opening (Mitral stenosis)
71
Ejection sounds
High frequency sound that results from abrupt halting of a valve opening
72
When would you hear an ejection sound
Aortic valve stenosis, aortic insufficiency

PD Block 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions