1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum

1. Absorb water 2. Transport waste

Abdomen Flashcards by Kristen Hesselbach

What is the alimentary system

GI tract (27ft long) Includes mouth, esophagus, stomach, SI, LI

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function of the alimentary system

Ingest/digest food
Absorb nutrients, electrolytes, and h20
Excrete waste products

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How are food and products moved through the alimentary system

Via peristalsis/ANS control

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the stomach secrete

HCL acids, breaks down food

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How long is the SI

21ft long

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function of SI

Breakdown food with pancreatic enzymes and bile. Absorbs nutrients. Villi increases surface area

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

3 parts of the SI

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What 2 ducts enter at the duodenum

common bile duct

2. pancreatic duct

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How long is the LI

4.5-5ft

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function of LI

Absorb water

2. Transport waste

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the hepatobiliary tract

System of organs that works together to form bile and aid in digestion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many lobes does the liver have

4, each containing lobules

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the liver lobule made of

Liver cells that radiate around a central vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Path of bile secretion

Liver cells - bile ducts - hepatic duct - joins cystic duct (GB) - forms the common bile duct

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which liver veins dump back into the IVC

hepatic veins

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vein receives blood from the intestine and spleen

The portal vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is the GB located

Inferior surface of the liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Function of the liver

Metabolizes carbs, fats, proteins
Glucose is converted and stored as glycogen
Amino acid conversion to glucose (glucogenesis)
Converts cholesterol to bile salts
Stores vitamins
Detoxifies
Protein production

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what 2 ducts for the common bile duct

cystic and hepatic ducts

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does the GB do

stores and releases bile salts to aid in digestion

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where is the pancreas

Behind and under the stomach, head rests in curve of duodenum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What kind of gland is the pancreas

exocrine(enzymes for digestion) and endocrine(insulin)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the cells in the pancreas

acinar cells and islet cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do acinar cells do

Produce enzymes for digestion of fat, protein and carbs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is another name for pancreatic duct

duct of wirsung

What are they islet cells responsible for

Insulin and glucagon (insulin)

Where is the spleen

LUQ, above L kidney

What is the spleen made up

white pulp, very fragile (lymphoid tissue) and red pulp

What does the white pulp do

Filters blood and makes lymphocytes/monocytes

What does the red pulp do

Stores and releases blood

Why do you auscultate 2nd in abdominal exam?

Because percussion and palpation may alter the frequency and intensity of the bowel sounds

What are the types of venous patterns

1. normal 2. portal hypertension 3. IVC obstruction

Which way should venous return be above the umbilicus

Toward the head

Which way should venous return patterns be below the umbilicus

toward the feet

What do you look for on INSPECTION of the abdomen

1. symmetry 2. shape/contour 3. color 4. deformities (hernia, masses) 5. Movement (aortic pulsation, peristalsis) 6. Skin - striae, moles 7. inverted/everted umbilicus

What are purple striae indicative of

cushing syndrome

What does a blue umbilicus suggest

intraperitoneal hemorrhage - cullen sign

Borborygmi

Loud prolonged gurgles

Frequency of bowel sounds

5-35/min

If no bowel sounds are heard, how long should you auscultate for

5 mins

What other things do you auscultate for in the abdomen

1. Friction rubs over liver or spleen 2. bruits 3. venous hum - bell of stethoscope over epigastric region

What does a venous hum indicate

increased collateral venous circulation between the portal and systemic venous system

2 sounds generally heard during percussion

tympany and dullness

What sound is not good in auscultation

high pitched tinkling - indicates air or fluid under pressure (obstruction)

What does decreased (or absent) bowel sounds during auscultation mean

peritonitis and paralytic ileus

How do you percuss the kidneys

Pt sitting upright and blunt percussion

What are the measurements of the liver

4-8 cm midsternal line | 6-12cm midclavicular line

What does tenderness at the CVA indicate

kidney stone, kidney infection, etc

2 types of palpation

light - in all 4 quadrants | deep - delineates abd organs

when would you be able to palpate the right kidney

during expiration | almost impossible to feel the left

What sound would you hear over ascites

dullness

shifting dullness

test done to assess for ascites. Identify areas of tympany and dullness first, then have patient lie on side. test for dullness and tympany. Dullness will go towards the bottom

Fluid wave

another ascites test. place one hand on pt side, strike the other side and feel for wave of fluid

Possible causes of pain in RUQ

1. hepatitis 2. cholecystitis 3. duodenal ulcer

Possible causes of pain in RLQ

1. appendicitis 2. salpingitis/ovarian cyst 3. ureteral stone 4. hernia

Possible causes of pain in periumbilical

1. intestinal obstruction 2. acute pancreatitis 3. AAA

Possible causes of pain in LUQ

1. ruptured spleen 2. gastric ulcer 3. perforated colon

Possible causes of pain in LLQ

1. sigmoid diverticulitus 2. salpingitis/ovarian cyst 3. ureteral stone 4. ulcerative colitis

Pain in rt shoulder could indicate

cholecystitis

pain radiating from abdomen to back

acute pancreatitis

pain in lower abd and pain when sitting

prostatitis

What does a cullen sign test for

hemorrhage in abd, pancreatitis. Blue belly button

Ballottement test

Quick palpation movement, to push fluid out of way to feel for organ. Tests for ascites

Grey turner sign

blue discoloration on flank, indicative of peritoneal bleeding

murphy sign

Pt will stop breathing on inspiration during palpation. indicates cholecystitis

Rovsing sign

RLQ pain intensified when pushing on theLLQ. Indicates appendicitis or peritoneal inflammation

Psoas sign

Pain in RLQ when leg is lifted. Peritonitis or appendicitis

McBurney sign

Rebound tenderness and pain at mcburney site. appendicitis

Obturator sign

Pain in hypogastric region, could be irritation of obturator muscle or ruptured appendix or pelvic abscess

Blumberg sign

rebound tenderness, peritonitis or appendicitis

Heel jar test

abd pain when heel strikes the floor. appendicitis, peritonitis

hematochezia

bloody stool, Lower GI bleeding

hematemesis

vomiting blood

melena

black tarry stool, upper GI bleeding

Globus

Sensation of having a lump in throat

singultus

hiccups, usually transient spasm of diaphragm

gastroparesis

delayed gastric emptying, disorder of motility of stomach.

Eructation

Belching, oral evacuation of air/gas from abd

Tenesmus

rectal urgency

Icterus

Jaundice

Pruritis

Itchiness (associated with gallbladder)

Abdomen Flashcards

(81 cards)