Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 1 Microbiology > Bacterial infections of the CNS I > Flashcards

Bacterial infections of the CNS I Flashcards

1
Q

What are predisposing factors to pneumococcal meningitis?

A

Pneumonia and chronic otitis media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are predisposing factors to meningococcal meningitis?

A

History of recent URTI (viral), complement deficiencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percent of patients with bacterial meningitis present with fever, headache, and stiff neck?

A

50%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What percent of patients with bacterial meningitis will present with two of the following: fever, headache, stiff neck, altered mental status?

A

100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What abnormalities in CSF are more indicative of bacterial infection as opposed to viral?

A

Presence of PMNs, decreased glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis among all age groups?

A

S. pneumoniae (50%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis among kids less than 2 YEARS of age?

A

Group B strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the most common cause of bacterial meningitis among kids less than 2 MONTHS of age?

A

S. agalactiae (GBS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which two pathogens predominate in teenage bacterial meningitis infections?

A

Neisseria and S. pneumo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the gram stain for S. pneumo?

A

Gram positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the catalase test for S. pneumo?

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Does S. pneumo have a capsule?

A

Yes, virulent strains have polysaccharide capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the hemolysis pattern for S. pneumo?

A

Alpha (green)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you distinguish S. pneumo from other alpha-hemolytic streptococci?

A

S. pneumo is optochin sensitive and sensitive to bile (lysed by bile)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the pneumococcal virulence factors?

A
  1. Choline binding proteins 2. Pneumolysin 3. IgA protease 4. Polysaccharide capsule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the diagnosis for pneumococcal meningitis?

A
  1. Clinical signs 2. Gram stain of CSF 3. Latex agglutination for capsular antigens 4. Cultivation, biochemical analysis, susceptibility testing
17
Q

What is the treatment for pneumococcal meningitis?

A
  1. Penicillin 2. Vancomycin with a cephalosporin 3. 10-14 days
18
Q

What is the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine made of?

A

Purified polysaccharide capsular antigen from 23 types of pneumococcus

19
Q

Is PPV effective in children less than 2 years of age?

A

No

20
Q

What are the recommendations for PPV?

A
  1. Over age 652. Over age 2 only with immuno suppression
21
Q

What is the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine made of?

A
  1. Conjugated to nontoxic diptheria toxin 2. 13 capsular serotypes
22
Q

Which pneumococcus vaccine is recommended for children less than 2 years of age?

A

PCV13

23
Q

What is the gram stain for Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Gram negative

24
Q

What is the shape of Neisseria meningitidis?

A

Coffee or kidney bean diplococcus

25
Q

What is the oxidase test for Neisseria?

A

Positive

26
Q

What is the catalase test for Neisseria?

A

Positive

27
Q

What sugar(s) does Neisseria ferment?

A

Oxidizes glucose AND maltose (N. gonorrheae only oxidizes glucose)

28
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of meningococcal disease?

A

Abrupt onset of fever, hypotension, petechial rash

29
Q

How does N. meningitidis gain entry into the CNS?

A

Crosses BBB within neutrophils

30
Q

What is the diagnosis for meningococcal meningitis?

A
  1. Clinical findings 2. Gram stain of CSF and/or blood - direct observation 3. Buffy coat analysis in peripheral blood smear in cases with only bacteremia 4. Cultivation, biochemical analyses
31
Q

What is the treatment for meningococcal meningitis?

A

Penicillin, also empiric treatment with vancomycin and a cephalosporin

32
Q

Which meningococcal meningitis vaccine is recommended in high-risk people over 2 years of age?

A

MPV, MPV4

33
Q

Which meningococcal meningitis vaccine is recommended in people between the ages of 11 and 55?

A

MCV4 - diptheria conjugated

Year 1 Microbiology (42 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions