102 First Aid Fundamentals

Question 1

Describe the primary purpose of first aid.

Answer 1

emergency care for the sick or injured

Question 2

State the three objectives of First Aid

Answer 2

Save life, prevent further injury, limit infection

Question 3

State three methods of controlling bleeding

Answer 3

Direct pressure, pressure point, elevation, tourniquet

Question 4

Identify an example of a pressure point

Answer 4

Place where a main artery is close to the skin surface and over a bone. Brachial artery in inner elbow. 11 each side

Question 5

Describe the common causes of suicide.

Answer 5

hopelessness, helplessness, depression

Question 6

Describe the symptoms and treatment for shock

Answer 6

Vacant eyes, lack of pulse in extremities, feeling cold. Elevate legs and cover to keep warm

Question 7

Describe a 1st degree burn

Answer 7

Slight pain, redness, tenderness, and increased temperature of the affected area

Question 8

State the symptoms and treatment for the following heat-related injuries: Heat Exhaustion

Answer 8

cool, moist skin, profuse sweating. Pupils dilated. Body heat may even be below normal. Apply wet cloths and fan the victim. Don’t let them get chilled. Give small amounts of water to drink.

Question 9

State the symptoms and treatment for the following heat-related injuries: Heat Stroke

Answer 9

breakdown of sweating, Pupils constricted. Very high body temperature. Hot, dry skin, weak, rapid pulse. Pack ice in heat areas (groin, armpits, neck, etc.) but bear in mind that permanent brain damage can result from heat stroke

Question 10

State the difference between an “open” and a “closed” fracture

Answer 10

open - bone sticks out of skin and needs to be immobilized where it sticks out

Question 11

Describe first aid treatment for fractures

Answer 11

If it’s an open fracture, treat bleeding first. Splint and immobilize with anything rigid. It’s gonna hurt them, but it’ll hurt way more if it’s not immobilized.

Question 12

Describe the symptoms and treatment for a joint dislocation

Answer 12

Odd angles, weakened muscles at joint. If possible get to closest trained person so they can pop joint back into place.

Question 13

Explain when and why a cold pack or heat pad would be used on a sprain

Answer 13

Apply cold pack immediately for the first 24-48 hours to reduce swelling. 24 hours after the last cold pack is applied, apply heat pad to increase circulation.

Question 14

Describe first aid treatment for snake bites

Answer 14

Keep wound level with heart, NOT elevated. Take off jewelry, gently cuff the wound and use a suction extractor

Question 15

State the following as applied to electric shock: Rescue and Treatment

Answer 15

Rescue-DO NOT TOUCH THE VICTIM’S BODY WITH YOUR OWN. Turn off current and remove electrical source. If unable, use a branch or broom handle or other nonconductive object to push or pull the victim away from the current.

Question 16

Describe the methods for clearing an obstructed airway

Answer 16

Heimlich maneuver, reclining abdominal thrusts if victim is laying down

Question 17

Describe the effects of Hypothermia

Answer 17

Victim tightens up and shivers, blood retreats to core, breathing is slow and shallow, victim goes into shock.

Question 18

Describe the effects of Superficial Frostbite

Answer 18

Ice crystals form in upper layers of skin. Upper layers will still move over lower layers.

Question 19

Describe the effects of Deep Frostbite

Answer 19

Ice crystals form in the deeper layers of the skin. Skin will no longer move over bony ridges.

Question 20

Discuss Broken Bones as they pertain to SAR

Answer 20

Splint and immobilize broken bones but DO NOT attempt to reset them. If a fracture is open, the first step is to stop bleeding.

Question 21

Discuss Burns as they pertain to SAR

Answer 21

Use a sterile, dry dressing and keep the wound covered to prevent infection.

Question 22

Discuss CPR as it pertains to SAR

Answer 22

It’s most important to keep the victim alive. Treat severe bleeding first and quickly, and then focus efforts on CPR. If at all possible, use a second swimmer or crewman to diagnose and treat further injuries.

Question 23

Describe a 2nd degree burn

Answer 23

The inner skin mag be damaged, resulting in blistering, severe pain, some dehydration, and possible shock

Question 23

Describe a 3rd degree burn

Answer 23

The skin is destroyed, and possibly also the tissue and muscle beneath it. The skin may be charred, or it may be white and lifeless (from scalds)