Chapter 1

Question 1

orior, -iri, ortus

Answer 1

arise

Question 2

conor, -ari

Answer 2

attempt; try

Question 3

progredior, progredi, progressus

Answer 3

go, proceed

Question 4

paulatim (adv.)

Answer 4

gradually

Question 5

ultra (prep. + acc.)

Answer 5

beyond

Question 6

pertingo, pertingere

Answer 6

to reach, to get as far as

Question 7

quatenus

Answer 7

as far as, in so far as

Question 8

ius, iuris, N.

Answer 8

law

Question 9

praeter

Answer 9

beyond, before

Question 10

prout

Answer 10

as; just as

Question 11

praecipuus, -a, -um

Answer 11

particular, especial

Question 12

constat

Answer 12

it is plain, evident

Question 13

accidit

Answer 13

it happens

Question 14

placet

Answer 14

it pleases

Question 15

patet

Answer 15

it is clear, evident, well known

Question 16

decet

Answer 16

it is becoming, proper

Question 17

necesse est

Answer 17

it is necessary

Question 18

refert

Answer 18

it concerns

Question 19

relinquitur

Answer 19

it remains

Question 20

licet (v.)

Answer 20

it is allowed

Question 21

licet (adv.)

Answer 21

although

Question 22

libet

Answer 22

it pleases

Question 23

videtur

Answer 23

it seems

Question 24

oportet

Answer 24

it is fitting, one ought

Question 25

interest

Answer 25

it concerns

Question 26

quod (rel. pron.)

Answer 26

which

Question 27

quod (conj.)

Answer 27

because, that

Question 28

Impersonal Verbs

Answer 28

Impersonal verbs are used frequently in scholastic texts. Many impersonal verbs appear only in the third person singular and in the infinitive and gerund forms. They are usually translated in English with “it” as an impersonal subject. Verbs like videtur and relinquitur are used impersonally in the passive voice.

Question 29

The relative pronoun, qui, quae, quod

Answer 29

It occurs in virtually every paragraph of scholastic philosophical writing. The relative pronoun agrees in gender and number with its antecedent; however, its case is determined by the function it serves within its clause.

qui, cuius, cui, quem, quo
qui, quorum, quibus, quos, quibus

quae, cuius, cui, quam, qua
quae, quarum, quibus, quas, quibus

quod, cuius, cui, quod, quo
quae, quorum, quibus, quae, quibus