Chapter 21

Question 1

dignus, -a, -um

Answer 1

appropriate, suitable, worthy

Question 2

brutum, -ī, N.

Answer 2

beast, animal

Question 3

confero, conferre, contuli, collatus

Answer 3

bring together, carry, compare, add, bestow, assign

Question 4

equus, -i, M.

Answer 4

horse

Question 5

infans, infantis, M./F.

Answer 5

child, infant

Question 6

convenio, convenire, conveni, conventus

Answer 6

be appropriate to, fit, be correctly shaped/consistent; harmonize, agree

Question 7

absum, abesse, abfui, abfuturus

Answer 7

to be absent, to be lacking

Question 8

destituo, destituere, destitui, destitutus

Answer 8

to leave without, to make destitute, render void

Question 9

instar (indec.), N.

Answer 9

image, likeness, resemblance, kind, appearance; w/ gen.: like to, after the fashion of

Question 10

superaddo, superaddere, superaddidi, superadditus

Answer 10

to add to, to add over and above

Question 11

superadditio, superadditionis, F.

Answer 11

a further addition

Question 12

Periphrastic Tenses

Answer 12

The use of periphrastic constructions for expressing the tenses is a characteristic of Late Latin and paved the way for constructions in the Romance languages. Periphrastic tenses are formed from using a tense of esse as a helping verb along the present participle. (Caution: do not confuse the general phenomena of periphrasis with the very specific case of the future passive periphrastic.)

• Present Periphrastic
  
  • Non enim sumus sicut plurimi adulterantes verbum Dei. (For we are not as many adulterating the word of God.)
• Imperfect Periphrastic
  
  • Et erat plebs expectans Zachariam. (And the people was awaiting Zachariah.)
• Future Periphrastic
  
  • Noli timere: ex hoc jam homines eris capiens. (Fear not: from henceforth you will be catching men.)

Question 13

Periphrastic Tenses Formed with habere

Answer 13

The usage of habeo with an infinitive verb in Ecclesiastical Latin typically has a sense of future necessity. From this phenomenon, the Future tenses in French and Italian eventually developed (e.g., in Italian the infinitive credere + ho => credero; French is parallel where croire + ai => croirai)

Examples:

• Baptismo autem habeo baptizari. (But I have a baptism with which I must be baptized.)
• Habes, homo, imprimis aetatem venerare aquarum, quod antiqua substantia. (First, O man, you must venerate the age of water; because it is an ancient substance.)