4.1-4.4

Question 1

Why do cells have a lower size limit?

Answer 1

If cells were any smaller, they would not be able to fit the organelles

Question 2

Why do cells have an upper size limit?

Answer 2

Cells are the size they are bc they maximize their surface area to bring in nutrients and get rid of waste products.

Question 3

What large ratio do cells need?

Answer 3

surface area : volume

Question 4

increase in the apparent size of the object

Answer 4

magnification

Question 5

clarity of an image

ability to see 2 close objects as separate

Answer 5

resolution

Question 6

what are the two types of microscopes?

Answer 6

Light and Electron Microscopes

Question 7

Which type of microscope works by passing visible light through a specimen?

Answer 7

light microscope

Question 8

which microscope led to the discovery of the cell theory?

Answer 8

light microscope

Question 9

what is the cell theory?

Answer 9

all living things are made of cells and all cells come from other cells

Question 10

what is the magnification of a light microscope?

Answer 10

1000x

Question 11

what is the resolutions of a light microscope?

Answer 11

0.2 micrometers

Question 12

When was the light microscope first used?

Answer 12

in 1665 when Robert Hooke discovered cells

Question 13

when were electron microscopes first used?

Answer 13

1950s

Question 14

How are specimen viewed in an electron microscope?

Answer 14

They use a beam of electrons to image specimens that have been sliced thin and coated with a thin film of metal

Question 15

which type of microscope has a better resolution?

Answer 15

electron

Question 16

What are some limitations of the EM?

Answer 16

you can’t view living organisms and they are very expensive

Question 17

What are the two types of EMs?

Answer 17

Scanning EM- study the detail of cell surfaces

Transmission EM- study detail of internal cell structure

Question 18

In what two domains are prokaryotic cells found?

Answer 18

bacteria and archae

Question 19

What are some features common to both types of cells?

Answer 19

bonded by plasma membrane

include chromosomes, ribosomes, and cytoplasm

Question 20

Describe the nucleoid.

Answer 20

It is the region within bacteria where DNA is instead of a nucleus
visible in TEM
not bounded by a membrane

Question 21

Are bacterial cells surrounded by a membrane?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

what is contained in the bacterial cytoplasm?

Answer 22

mostly water, but includes nucleoids, plasmids, ribosomes, and storage granules

Question 23

What do ribosomes make?

Answer 23

protein

Question 24

What is the relationship b//tw bacterial ribosomes and antibiotic drugs?

Answer 24

The antibiotics target prokaryotic ribosomes, interrupting the making of protein for the bacterium but not the healthy cells

Question 25

What is the function of a capsule?

Answer 25

it protects the bacterial cell and serves as a barrier against white blood cells

Question 26

function of pili

Answer 26

allow bacteria to attach to other cells

Question 27

function of flagella

Answer 27

propels cells to move

Question 28

What are the four organelles found only in plant cells?

Answer 28

cell wall
central vacuole
chloroplast
plasmodesmata

Question 29

function of cell wall

Answer 29

provides and maintains shape of cells and serves as a protective barrier

Question 30

function of central vacuolee

Answer 30

stores nutrients, waste products, and WATER

Question 31

function of chloroplast

Answer 31

contains chlorophyl, which absorbs sunlight to use for photosynthesis

Question 32

function of plasmodesmata

Answer 32

channel between cell walls that link plant cells together

Question 33

membrane bound structures that perform specific functions in the cell

Answer 33

organelle

Question 34

4 functional groups of organelles of eukaryotic cells

Answer 34

manufacturing
breakdown of molecules
energy processing
structural support, movement, and communication

Question 35

What organelles are found only in animal cells?

Answer 35

lysosomes and centrioles

Question 36

What is a phospholipid bilayer composed of?

Answer 36

phospholipids form a 2 layer sheet

Question 37

______ face outward, exposed to H2O

______ face inward, away from H2O

Answer 37

hydrophilic heads

hydrophobic tails

Question 38

what are attached to the surface of the phospholipid bilayer?

Answer 38

proteins; attached and sometimes embedded

Question 39

function of nucleus

Answer 39

controls the cell’s activities and is responsible for inheritance

Question 40

layer of complex proteins and DNA that make up chromosomes; found in nucleus

Answer 40

chromatin

Question 41

what is copied within the nucleus prior to cell division?

Answer 41

DNA

Question 42

function of nuclear envelope

Answer 42

double membrane with pores that allow material to flow in and out of the nucleus

Question 43

What is the nuclear envelope attached to?

Answer 43

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 44

function of ribosomes

Answer 44

to make the cell’s proteins

Question 45

where are ribosomes made?

Answer 45

nucleolus (found in nucleus)

Question 46

what are the two locations of ribosomes?

Answer 46

free- suspended in cytoplasm

bound- attached to the ER

Question 47

manufacturing

Answer 47

nucleus, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus

Question 48

breakdown of molecules

Answer 48

lysosomes, vacuoles, and peroxisomes

Question 49

energy processing

Answer 49

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 50

structural support, movement, and communication

Answer 50

cytoskeleton, plasma membrane, and cell wall