4.1 Geology In The Uk

Question 1

Give a definition, approximate age and 3 examples of igneous rocks.

Answer 1

Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock from the mantle cools and hardens. Igneous rocks are usually hard e.g. granite basalt and diorite 50-450 million yrs ago

Question 2

Give a definition approx age and 3 examples of sedimentary rocks

Answer 2

Sedimentary rock forms when layers of sediment compact together until they become solid. E.g. carboniferous limestone, clay

Question 3

Compare metamorphic and igneous rock

Answer 3

Metamorphic rock is formed when either igneous or sedimentary rocks are changed by heat and pressure. Igneous rocks are formed when molten rock cools and hardens

Question 4

Compare the formation and characteristics of carboniferous limestone and granite.

Answer 4

Carboniferous limestone is formed from shells and skeletons. Limestone is quite hard. Granite contains crystals so is very hard it is formed from cooled molten rock

Question 5

Compare the characteristics and formation of chalk and slate

Answer 5

Chalk is formed from sea shells and skeletons of dead organisms chalk is very soft rock. slate is formed when shale is pressurised and heated slate is quite hard rock

Question 6

Explain when and how active volcanoes shaped the uplands of the uk

Answer 6

Active volcanoes were around 520 Million years ago they were formed through tectonic processes as the uk was much closer to a plate boundary back then

Question 7

Explain when and how glacial erosion and deposition shaped the UK uplands

Answer 7

Glacial erosion was either the act of the rocks on the bottom of the glacier scraping against the rock underneath it ( abrasion) or plucking were rocks were picked up inside the glacier and dropped back down.

Question 8

Explain when and how sedimentary rock was formed across the uk lowlands

Answer 8

The uk lowlands are full of sedimentary rock e.g. white cliffs of dover. They are mostly deposited by the sea

Question 9

Explain how glacial deposition shaped the uk lowlands

Answer 9

Glacial deposition was the act of the glacier melting away and loosing all the rocks that had been inside it this sometimes. An example of this is a dry valley that have no visible streams but flow in underground in the permable chalk