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Esthetics 2012-2013 > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Organic Chemistry

A

the study of substances that contain the element carbon

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2
Q

Elements - simplest for of chemical matter

A

All matter in the universe is made up of one or more of these 90 different elements

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3
Q

Molecule

A

is formed by joining two or more atoms chemically.

water is made from hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms

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4
Q

Physical CHange

A

a change in the form or physical properties of a substance without the formation of a new substance.

There is no chemical reaction involved

solid ice goes through a physical change when it melts into liquid water

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5
Q

Physical Mixtures

A

are a combination of two or more substances that are united physically, in any proportions with combined properties

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6
Q

Oxygen

A

the most abundant element found on earth, it sis colorless, odorless, tasteless gas

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7
Q

water

A

the most abundant of all substances. comprising about 75 percent of the earths surface and about -65 percent of the human body

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8
Q

PH

A

PH of a substance is its relative degree of acidity or alkalinity an dis measured on a scale of 0 to 14

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9
Q

Ionization

A

causes an atom or molecule to split in two, creating a pair of ions with opposite electrical charge

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10
Q

Ionization

A

in pure (distilled) water, each water molecule that ionizes produces on hydrogen ion and one hydroxide ion. Pure water has a neutral pH because it contains the same number of hydrogen ions as hydroxide

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11
Q

Alkalies

A

also known as bases, have a pH above 7.0, taste bitter, and turn litmus paper from red to blue. the higher the pH number the greater the degree of alkalinity

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12
Q

blood

A

blood has an alkalinity of 7.5

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13
Q

Skin

A

the pH of the skin is slightly acidic at 5.5. the skin produces both sebum and sweat to create a barrieron thr skin’s surface known as the acid mantle

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14
Q

Acid Mantle

A

protective barrier against certain forms of bacteria and other microorganisms

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15
Q

Chemical Reactions

A

two types of chemical reactions are important to Estheticians because they explain how skin care products work

a. acid-alkali neutralization
b. oxidation-reduction reactions

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16
Q

Acid alkali neutralization

A

occurs when an acid is mixed with an alkali ( also called a base), in equal proportions to neutralize each other and form water (H2O) and a salt

17
Q

combustion

A

the rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light.

Ligthing a match is an example of rapid oxidation. ypu cannot have a fire without oxygen

18
Q

Antioxidants

A

prevent oxidation by neutralizing FREE RADICALS.

FREE RADICALS - are super oxidizers that cause an oxidation reaction and produce a new free radical in the process.

19
Q

Solutions, Suspensions,emulsions

A

are all physical mixtures of two or more different sustances.

the distiction between solutions, suspensions and emulsions depends on the size of the particles and the solubility of the components

20
Q

Solutions

A

unstable mixtures of two or more immiscible sustances

21
Q

Solute

A

any substance that is dissloved by a solvent to form a solution

22
Q

solvent

A

any substance that dissolves the solute to form a solution

23
Q

Miscible (mixable)

A

liquids that are mutually soluble. Water and alcohol are examples of miscible liquids

24
Q

Examples of solutions

A

Air , salt water, hydrogen peroxide are all examples of solutions

25
Q

Suspensions

A

uniform mixtures of two or more sustances, Suspensions differ from solution due to the size of the particles. Suspensions contain larger particles that solutions do.

Suspensions are not usually transparent and may be colored. Suspensions have a tendancy to separate over time

26
Q

emulsion

A

mixtures of two or more immiscible substances united with the aid of an emulsifier.

Emulsify means “to form an emulsion” with one liquid dispersed in another

27
Q

surfactants

A

used to emulsify oil and water to create an emulsion

surface active agent - surfactants are able to to wet the skin and emulsify oil and water

28
Q

hydrophilic

A

water loving (end of a surfactant)

29
Q

lipophilic

A

oil loving (end of a surfactant)

30
Q

water/oil

A

water oil emlsions are easily rinsed away with water,

A water oil cleansing lotion can easily be removed with wet cotton pads or sponges

31
Q

Oil/Water

A

oil water emulsions are often milky, free flowing liquids, although thickeners may be added to form gels or thick creams including moisturizing and cleansing lotions

32
Q

Water/Oil

A

in water oil emulsions droplets of water are dispersed in oil

eg: cleansin creams, cold creams, night creams, massage creams, baby creams, suntan lotions, and hair grooming creams,

33
Q
A

Esthetics 2012-2013 (7 decks)

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