Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What three states does matter exist as?

A

Solid, liquid, gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the building blocks of matter?

A

Atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An atom is the smallest unit of a(n) _________ that displays its properties.

A

Element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many letters create the atomic symbol of the element?

A

One or two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are positively charged particles?

A

Protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are particles that have no charge?

A

Neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are negatively charged particles?

A

Electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are protons and neutrons located?

A

The center of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are electrons located?

A

Around the nucleus in energy levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom if there is an equal number of protons and neutrons?

A

Zero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Can elements be broken down?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the periodic table do?

A

It shows how the various characteristics of atoms of elements recur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the vertical columns in the table called?

A

Groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the horizontal rows called?

A

Periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or False: Atomic mass decreases as you move down a group or across a period?

A

False: it increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What four things does each individual block on the periodic table include?

A

The element’s name, atomic number, symbol, and atomic mass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the atomic mass of an atom depend on?

A

The presence of certain subatomic particles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the atomic mass?

A

The sum of protons and neutrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How much is each proton or neutron in atomic mass units?

A

One

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How much is each electron is atomic mass units?

A

Zero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do all atoms of the same element have?

A

The same number of protons and electrons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the atomic number?

A

The amount of protons and electrons in every atom of the same element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many protons and neutrons does Carbon-12 have?

A

6 protons and 6 neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How many protons and neutrons does Carbon-14 have?

A

6 protons and 8 neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Is Carbon-14 stable? Why or why not?

A

No, it has more neutrons than electrons making it a radioactive isotope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What can scientists use radioactive isotopes for?

A

To calculate an objects age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What do the atoms of two or more different elements bonded together form?

A

A compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does a chemical formula tell you?

A

The amounts of the elements in a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What holds substances together?

A

A chemical bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

True or False: The farther the electron from the nucleus, the higher the energy level?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How many electrons are in the innermost shell of an atom? How many are in the other shells? What is this called?

A

Two; eight; octet rule

33
Q

What three things can an atom do to make itself stable?

A

Give up, share, or accept electrons

34
Q

What is stored in the bonds that exist between atoms in molecules?

A

Energy

35
Q

What happens when atoms share electrons?

A

Covalent bonds form

36
Q

What is defined as anything that takes up space and has mass?

A

Matter

37
Q

In a molecule of water, each hydrogen has how many electrons in its outer energy field? Oxygen? How many CAN an oxygen hold?

A

One for hydrogen; six for oxygen; eight

38
Q

What is common with both hydrogen and oxygen atoms?

A

Sharing electrons

39
Q

How many covenant bonds form a water molecule?

A

Two

40
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A compound in which compounds are held together by covenant bonds

41
Q

Sometimes atoms might ______ electrons to empty its outer energy level or _______ electrons to fill its outer energy field.

A

Donate; accept

42
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom that has given up or gained one or more electrons and carries an electrical charge

43
Q

What is an electrical attraction between two oppositely charged ions?

A

An ionic bond

44
Q

How is the ionic compound sodium chloride (NaCl) aka table salt formed?

A

Sodium donates an electron and therefore has a positive charge and chlorine gains an electron giving it a negative charge which then forms an ionic bond.

45
Q

What is the process by which atoms or groups of atoms are reorganized into different substances?

A

A chemical reaction

46
Q

What happens to chemical bonds during chemical reactions?

A

They are broken and formed

47
Q

What is rust, production of heat or light, formation of a new gas, liquid, or solid, etc. clues of?

A

A chemical reaction

48
Q

How are chemical reactions expressed?

A

Equations

49
Q

What is another name for starting substances, or what is on the left side of the equation of a chemical reaction?

A

Reactants

50
Q

What is another name for the substances formed, or what is on the right side of the equation of a chemical reaction?

A

Products

51
Q

What is between the two parts of the equation of a chemical reaction? How is it read?

A

An arrow; yields or “react to form”

52
Q

What is the principle of the conservation of mass?

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

53
Q

True or False: The number of atoms of each element on the reactant side must equal the number of atoms on the product side?

A

True

54
Q

What is the minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products?

A

The activation energy

55
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

When energy is released in the form of heat or light.

56
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

When energy is absorbed during a chemical reaction.

57
Q

What might a scientist use if a reaction occurs too slowly?

A

A catalyst

58
Q

True or False: a catalyst does not decrease how much product is made and does not get used up in the reaction?

A

False; it does not INCREASE

59
Q

What is another name for biological catalysts? How are these similar with catalysts?

A

Enzymes; they both speed up the chemical reactions

60
Q

What are the reactants that bind to the enzyme called? Where do these reactants bind? What is unique about them?

A

Substrates; the active site; they are shaped to fit each other exactly

61
Q

What can affect the activity of enzymes?

A

pH and temperature

62
Q

True or False: In a water molecule, sharing of electrons by oxygen and hydrogen is not equal; the electrons spend more time near the oxygen atom’s nucleus than the hydrogen atoms’ nuclei.

A

True

63
Q

What shape does a water molecule have?

A

A bent shape

64
Q

What causes the differently charged regions in a water molecule?

A

Its shape and the unequal distribution of electrons

65
Q

The oxygen end has a slightly ________ charge and the hydrogen end has a slightly _________ charge.

A

Negative; positive

66
Q

What are molecules that have an unequal distribution of charges?

A

Polar molecules

67
Q

True or false: A solution is a mixture in which one substance (the solvent) is completely dissolved into another (the salute).

A

False; The salute is completely dissolved into the solvent

68
Q

Does water have a high or low heat capacity?

A

High

69
Q

What does a high heat capacity mean?

A

The temperature of the liquid water rises and falls more slowly than that of most other liquids

70
Q

True or false: Water is the universal solvent.

A

True

71
Q

What occurs because water molecules are attracted to each other?

A

Cohesion

72
Q

Cohesion create surface tension which causes water to form what?

A

Droplets

73
Q

What is the ability to bond to polar services?

A

Adhesion

74
Q

What causes water to rise up a tree from tree roots to leaves through small tubes?

A

Capillary action

75
Q

True or false: Like most substances, frozen water, or ice, is less dense than liquid water.

A

False; it is unusual

76
Q

What does a substance release when it dissolves into water?

A

Either hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions

77
Q

What kind of ions do acids release? What kind of ions to bases release?

A

Acids release hydrogen ions and bases release hydroxide ions

78
Q

What does the pH indicate?

A

The acidity or basicity of a solution

79
Q

True or false: An acid is a substance with a pH more than seven, a base is a substance with pH less than seven, and a pH of seven is neutral?

A

False; and acid is a substance with pH less than seven, a base is a substance with pH greater than seven, and a pH of seven is still neutral

Biology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions