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Biology > Body Systems > Flashcards

Body Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

A

To give cells oxygen and nutrients and to get rid of waste products

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2
Q

What is the function of the respiratory system?

A

To give cells oxygen

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3
Q

What is the function of the excretory system?

A

To remove toxins and wastes from the body

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4
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

To detect touch, sound, taste, smell, and sight

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5
Q

What is the function of the reproductive system?

A

To create new life and fertilize new life

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6
Q

What is the function of the immune system?

A

To protect the body against pathogens

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7
Q

What are the major structures in the digestive system?

A

Oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, teeth, liver, pancreas

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8
Q

What are the major structures in the cardiovascular system?

A

Blood vessels, heart

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9
Q

What are the major structures of the respiratory system?

A

Nasal cavity, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, trachea, bronchiole, bronchus, lungs, diaphragm

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10
Q

What are the major structures of the excretory system?

A

Lungs, skin, kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

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11
Q

What are the major structures of the reproductive system?

A

Male and female reproductive organs

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12
Q

What are the major structures of the immune system?

A

Tonsils, bone marrow, spleen, lymph node, thymus gland, appendix

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13
Q

How do plants conserve water?

A

They use vascular tissues to deliver water more efficiently

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14
Q

What are stomata?

A

Openings in the outer cell layer of leaves and some stems

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15
Q

What passes in and out of the stomata?

A

Gases

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16
Q

What controls the opening closing of the stomata?

A

The guard cells

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17
Q

Distinguish a vascular plant from a non-vascular plant.

A

A vascular plant will have vascular tissues and non-vascular plants will not

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18
Q

Differentiate between the two types of vascular tissue.

A

Xylem carries water and phloem and carries food

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19
Q

What is an angiosperm?

A

A type of plant that bears fruits and flowers

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20
Q

The flower attaches to what part of the plant?

A

The receptacle

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21
Q

Why are flowers brightly coloured?

A

To attract insects to help them carry pollen

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22
Q

Name to mammals that might pollinate a plant.

A

Bears and rabbits

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23
Q

It’s the petals of the flower are reduced or absent, how is the plant pollinated?

A

Wind and water flow

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24
Q

What are the female reproductive structures of the plant called?

A

Carpals

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25
Q

What are the three parts of the pistil?

A

Stigma, style, ovary

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26
Q

Where are the ovules stored?

A

Ovary

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27
Q

What are the two parts of the stamen?

A

The anther and the filament

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28
Q

The ovules develop into what structures?

A

Seeds

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29
Q

What is fruit?

A

Any structure that encloses and protects the seed

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30
Q

What is the urethra in the male reproductive system?

A

A tube that carries both semen and urine out of the body.

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31
Q

What do the testes do in the male reproductive system?

A

They develop sperm

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32
Q

What does the prostate do in the male reproductive system?

A

It contributes an alkaline solution to the fluid to neutralise acids

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33
Q

What is semen in the male reproductive system?

A

Fluid that contains sperm

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34
Q

What is the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?

A

A duct leading away from the testis.

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35
Q

What is the semeniferus tubule in the male reproductive system?

A

It is where sperm is produced

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36
Q

What is the epididymis in the male reproductive system?

A

A structure located on top of each testis

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37
Q

What is the vagina in the female reproductive system?

A

The female reproductive organ that leads to the outside of the female’s body

38
Q

What does the ovary do in the female reproductive system?

A

It produces egg cells

39
Q

What is the oviduct in the female reproductive system?

A

A tube that connects to the uterus.

40
Q

What is the cervix in the female reproductive system?

A

An organ that has a narrow opening to the vagina

41
Q

What is the uterus in the female reproductive system?

A

The womb

42
Q

What is an oocyte in the female reproductive system?

A

An immature egg

43
Q

What is the urethra in the female reproductive system?

A

A part of the excretory system

44
Q

What is the placenta?

A

A temporary organ that removes waste and provides food and oxygen

45
Q

What is the umbilical cord?

A

A tube containing blood vessels

46
Q

What is the amniotic sack?

A

It is formed by a thin layer called amnion

47
Q

What is amniotic fluid?

A

It protects, cushions, and insulates the embryo

48
Q

What is the zygote?

A

The fertilised egg

49
Q

What is the blastocyst?

A

Hollow ball of cells

50
Q

What is gastrulation?

A

In which the gastrula is created

51
Q

What is neurulation?

A

The folding process in vertebrate embryos

52
Q

Where is the oocyte formed?

A

The ovary

53
Q

Where is sperm formed?

A

Testes

54
Q

Where does fertilization occur?

A

The upper portion of the oviduct near the ovary

55
Q

Where is the morula formed?

A

The uterus

56
Q

Where is the blastocyst formed?

A

The uterus

57
Q

Where does implantation take place?

A

The uterus

58
Q

What happens during the first trimester of pregnancy?

A

All tissues, organs, and organ systems start to develop

59
Q

What happens during the second trimester pregnancy?

A

A period of growth

60
Q

What happens during the third trimester of pregnancy?

A

The brain finishes development and the fetus continues to grow

61
Q

Differentiate between the three types of blood vessels.

A

Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart, capillaries are microscopic blood vessels were the exchange of important substances and waste occurs, veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

62
Q

What is viscosity?

A

The thickness of a liquid

63
Q

How could viscosity affect blood flow?

A

The higher the viscosity, the slower the blood flow

64
Q

What dietary factors might increase the viscosity of the blood?

A

Eating junk food increases blood viscosity

65
Q

What are some consequences of decreased blood flow?

A

Diabetes, dizziness, numbness, short of breath, strokes/heart attacks, etc.

66
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The measure of pressure of the force of started on the vessels

67
Q

Describe the two parts of a blood pressure reading.

A

Diastolic – lower number; Systolic – highest level

68
Q

What is atherosclerosis?

A

Blocked arteries

69
Q

What is a heart attack?

A

Occurs when blood does not reach the heart

70
Q

What is a stroke?

A

Occurs when clots form in the blood vessels that supply oxygen to the brain

71
Q

What are some examples of pathogens that cause infections diseases?

A

Bacteria, protozoans, fungi, and parasites

72
Q

Give some examples of reservoirs of pathogens.

A

Humans and animals

73
Q

Differentiate between the three main levels of pathogen transmission.

A

Direct Contact- the spreading of disease through direct human contact; Indirect Contact- pathogens passed through air or inanimate objects; Vectors- pathogens given to humans by animals or insects

74
Q

How has the widespread use of antibiotics caused many bacteria to become resistant to antibiotics?

A

Natural selection, or, in this case, non-natural selection, has caused only the antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria to survive

75
Q

What is nonspecific immunity?

A

They are not aimed at a certain pathogen.

76
Q

What are some of the body’s barriers against infection?

A

Skin, saliva, tears, nasal secretions, etc.

77
Q

What is cellular defense?

A

If foreign micro organisms enter the body, the cells of the immune system defend the body

78
Q

What is interferon?

A

Binds to neighboring cells and stimulate them into producing antiviral proteins

79
Q

What is inflammatory response?

A

Chemicals attract phagocytes to aid in the accumulation of white blood cells

80
Q

What is specific immunity?

A

More effective immunity that takes more time to develop

81
Q

Differentiate between passive and active immunity.

A

Passive immunity is temporary protection against pathogens. Active immunity is more permanent.

82
Q

Differentiate between B and T cells and their functions in immunity.

A

B cells are located in all lymphatic tissues and can be thought of as antibacterial factories. T “helper” cells activate antibody secretion in B cells.

83
Q

How does a vaccination trigger active immunity?

A

It is a deliberate exposure of pathogens to the body so the primary response will activate

84
Q

What is the function of the meristem?

A

A tissue found in plants that is made of dividing cells in parts where growth takes place

85
Q

What is the function of the cambium?

A

Plant tissue that grows phloem, xylem, etc.

86
Q

What is the function of ground?

A

All tissue that is either dermal or nonvascular

87
Q

What is the function of dermal?

A

A thin layer of cells that covers the softer, more delicate parts of the plant

88
Q

What plant structures fit into the circulatory system?

A

Phloem and xylem

89
Q

What plant structure fits into the respiratory system?

A

Stomata

90
Q

What plant structures fit into the reproductive system?

A

Ovary, pistil, stamen and cone

91
Q

Differentiate between the central and peripheral nervous systems?

A

The interneurons of the brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system consists of the sensory neurons and motor neurons that carry information to and from the CNS.

92
Q

What is the function of the digestive system?

A

To ingest food and break it down so nutrients can be absorbed, and eliminate what cannot be digested

Biology (11 decks)

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