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Anatomy Unit 2 > B Pages > Flashcards

B Pages Flashcards

1
Q

Endothoracic fascia

A

lines the thorax between the intercostal muscles and the pleura; equivalent to the transversalis fascia of the abdomen

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2
Q

Superficial abdominal fascia

A
  • Superficial fatty layer (Camper’s fascia)

- Deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia)

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3
Q
  • Deep membranous layer (Scarpa’s fascia)
A

continuous with the superficial fascia of the scrotum

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4
Q

Transversalis fascia

A

between the transversus abdominis muscle and the extraperitoneal fat; continuous with the pelvic fascia (epimysium of the iliacus muscle)

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5
Q

Renal fascia

A

details- separates the perirenal and pararenal layers of fat surrounding the kidney

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6
Q

Superficial fascia of the penis and scrotum

A

continuous with Scarpa’s fascia of the anterior abdominal wall and the superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s fascia)

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7
Q

Deep penile fascia (Buck’s fascia)

A

surrounds the corpus spongiosum and the corpora cavernosum

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8
Q

External spermatic fascia

A

continuous with the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

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9
Q

Cremasteric fascia

A

continuous with the internal oblique muscle

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10
Q

Internal spermatic fascia

A

continuous with the transversalis fascia

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11
Q

Abdominal fascia list

A
  • Superficial abdominal fascia
  • Transversalis fascia
  • Renal fascia
  • Superficial fascia of the penis and scrotum
  • Deep penile fascia (Buck’s fascia)
  • External spermatic fascia
  • Cremasteric fascia
  • Internal spermatic fascia
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12
Q

Pelivs and Perineum fascia list

A
  • Superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s)
  • Perineal membrane
  • Obturator fascia
  • Fascia of the pelvic diaphragm
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13
Q

Superficial perineal fascia (Colle’s)

A

continuous with the superficial fascia of the penis and scrotum; defines the superficial boundary of the superficial perineal space (pouch)

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14
Q

Perineal membrane

A

defines the deep boundary of the superficial perineal space (pouch) and the inferior (superficial) boundary of the deep perineal space (pouch)

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15
Q

Obturator fascia

A

covers the pelvic surface of the obturator internus muscle

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16
Q

Tendinous arch of the levator ani

A

attachment for the levator ani muscle

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17
Q

Fascia of the pelvic diaphragm

A
  • Inferior fascia (anal fascia)

- Superior fascia

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18
Q

Inferior fascia (anal fascia)

A

covers the inferior surface of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles

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19
Q

Superior fascia

A

covers the superior surface of the levator ani and coccygeus muscles

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20
Q

Obturator fascia compenent

A

Tendinous arch of the levator ani

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21
Q

Thoracic cage joints

A
  • Costovertebral (costocorporeal)
  • Costotransverse
  • Sternocostal
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22
Q

Sternocostal

A

synovial classification- plane

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23
Q

Costovertebral (costocorporeal)

A

synovial classification- plane

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24
Q

Costotransverse

A

synovial classification- plane

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25
Q

Pelvis joints

A
  • Lumbosacral
  • Sacroiliac
  • Pubic symphysis
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26
Q

Lumbosacral

A

classification- symphysis

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27
Q

Sacroiliac

A

synovial classification- plane

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28
Q

Pubic symphysis

A

classification- symphysis

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29
Q

pelvic ligaments

A
  • Inguinal (L. inguen, groin)
  • Sacroiliac
  • Sacrospinous
  • Sacrotuberous
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30
Q

Inguinal (L. inguen, groin)

A

attachments- from anterior superior iliac spine to pubic tubercle

  • Lacunar (L. lacus, pit, hollow or lake)
  • Pectineal
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31
Q

Lacunar (L. lacus, pit, hollow or lake)

A

attachments- from medial end of inguinal ligament to medial end of pecten pubis

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32
Q

Pectineal

A

attachments- to pectin pubis

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33
Q

Sacroiliac

A
  • Ventral
  • Dorsal
  • Interosseous
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34
Q

Dorsal Sacroiliac

A

attachments- from lateral sacral crest to posterior superior iliac spine

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35
Q

Interosseous Sacroiliac

A

attachments- between the articular surfaces

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36
Q

Sacrospinous

A

attachments- from ischial spine to lateral margin of sacrum

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37
Q

Sacrotuberous

A

attachments- from posterior iliac spine & lateral margin of sacrum to ischial tuberosity

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38
Q

Lymphatic Trunks

A
  • Thoracic duct

- Right lymphatic duct

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39
Q

Right lymphatic duct

A

(drains nodes of the right thorax, right upper extremity, and right head and neck)

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40
Q

Thoracic duct

A

drains nodes of the right and left lower extremities, pelvis, abdomen, left thorax, left upper extremity, and left head and neck)

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41
Q

Lymph Nodes

A
  • Breast
  • Thoracic
  • Abdominal and Pelvic
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42
Q

Breast nodes

A 
Parasternal
Inguinal
Infraclavicular
Axillary 
Apical axillary
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43
Q

Parasternal node

A

function- drain medial breast bilaterally

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44
Q

Inguinal node

A

function- may drain inferior breast

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45
Q

Infraclavicular node

A

function- may drain superior breast

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46
Q

Axillary node

A

function- predominant drainage of the breast

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47
Q

Apical axillary node

A

function- drain superior breast and other axillary nodes

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48
Q

Thoracic nodes

A
  • Parietal

- Visceral

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49
Q

Thoracic parietal nodes

A
  • Parasternal
  • Intercostal
  • Diaphragmatic
  • Posterior mediastinal
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50
Q

Parasternal thoracic node

A

function- drain medial aspect of breast, upper abdominal wall, anterior pleura & part of liver

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51
Q

Intercostal thoracic node

A

function- drain lateral & posterior thoracic wall

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52
Q

Diaphragmatic thoracic node

A

function- drain liver, pleura & diaphragm

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53
Q

Posterior mediastinal thoracic node

A

function- drain pleura & esophagus

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54
Q

Visceral

A
  • Pulmonary
  • Bronchopulmonary
  • Tracheobronchial (inferior & superior)
  • Paratracheal
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55
Q

Pulmonary thoracic Visceral node

A

function- drain lung

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56
Q

Bronchopulmonary thoracic visceral node

A

function- drain pulmonary nodes & bronchi

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57
Q

Tracheobronchial (inferior & superior) thoracic visceral node

A

function- drain bronchopulmonary & posterior mediastinal nodes, trachea & heart

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58
Q

Paratracheal thoracic visceral node

A

function- drain tracheobronchial nodes

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59
Q

Abdominal and Pelvic

A
  • Preaortic
  • Lateral aortic (para-aortic)
  • Retroaortic
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60
Q

Preaortic abdominal node

A

function- drain abdominal viscera supplied by the celiac, superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries

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61
Q

Lateral aortic (para-aortic) abdominal node function

A

function- drain the kidneys, suprarenal glands, ureter, posterior abdominal wall, testes, ovarys, uterine tubes, superior uterus & iliac nodes

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62
Q

Lateral aortic (para-aortic) abdominal components

A
  • Common iliac
  • External iliac
  • Internal iliac
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63
Q

common iliac node function

A

function- drain internal and external iliac nodes

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64
Q

External iliac node function

A

function- drain inguinal nodes, abdominal wall, perineum and lower pelvic viscera

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65
Q

Internal iliac node function

A

function- drain pelvic viscera, perineum and gluteal region (skin drains to inguinal nodes)

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66
Q

Retroaortic abdominal node

A

function- drain the posterior abdominal wall

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67
Q

muscles of thorax

A
  • Intercostal (external)
  • Intercostal (internal & innermost)
  • Transversus thoracis
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68
Q

Intercostal (external) muscle

A

attachments- from rib to rib oriented from superior-lateral to inferior-medial
actions- elevation of ribs
innervation- intercostal nerve
blood supply- anterior & posterior intercostal a.

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69
Q

Intercostal (internal & innermost) muscle

A

attachments- from rib to rib oriented superior-medial to inferior-lateral
actions- depression of ribs
innervation- intercostal nerve
blood supply- anterior & posterior intercostal a.

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70
Q

Transversus thoracis muscle

A

attachments- from posterior sternum to costal cartilages
actions- depress ribs
innervation- intercostal nerves
blood supply- internal thoracic & anterior intercostal a

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71
Q

Muscles of the abdomen

A
  • Cremaster (G. kremaster, a suspender)
  • Diaphragm
  • External oblique
  • Internal oblique
  • Quadratus lumborum
  • Rectus abdominis
  • Transversus abdominis
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72
Q

Cremaster (G. kremaster, a suspender) muscle

A

attachment- from the medial edge of the internal oblique to spermatic cord
actions- elevation of testis
innervation- genitofemoral nerve
blood supply- cremasteric a.

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73
Q

Diaphragm

A

attachments- from xiphoid process, inner surface of the lower ribs & costal cartilages, medial & lateral arcuate ligaments & lumbar vertebrae via the crura to the central tendon
actions- inspiration (negative thoracic pressure by inferior displacement)
innervation- phrenic nerve
blood supply- musculophrenic, inferior phrenic, subcostal & lower posterior intercostal a.

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74
Q

External oblique

A

attachments- from lower 8 ribs to iliac crest & rectus sheath
actions- flexion & rotation of the trunk, & compression of the abdominal cavity
innervation- ventral rami T7-12
blood supply- superior epigastric, inferior epigastric, subcostal, lower posterior intercostal, lumbar, superficial circumflex iliac & deep circumflex iliac a.

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75
Q

Internal oblique

A

attachments- from thoracolumbar fascia to inguinal ligament, iliac crest & rectus sheath
actions- flexion & rotation of the trunk, & compression of the abdominal cavity
innervation- lower thoracic & L1 ventral rami
blood supply- superior epigastric, inferior epigastric, subcostal, lower posterior intercostal, lumbar, superficial circumflex iliac & deep circumflex iliac a.

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76
Q

Quadratus lumborum muscle

A

attachments- from 12th rib to iliolumbar ligament & iliac crest
actions- extension & lateral flexion of the trunk, and fixes 12th rib during respiration
innervation- ventral rami T12-L3
blood supply- subcostal, lumbar & iliolumbar a.

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77
Q

Rectus abdominis muscle

A

attachments- from xiphoid process & adjacent costal cartilages to pubic crest & tubercle
actions- flexion of trunk & compression of abdominal cavity
innervation- lower thoracic ventral rami
blood supply- superior epigastric, inferior epigastric

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78
Q

Transversus abdominis msucle

A

attachments- from lower six costal cartilages & thoracolumbar fascia to inguinal ligament, iliac crest & rectus sheath
actions- compression of the abdominal cavity
innervation- lower thoracic & L1 ventral rami
blood supply- superior epigastric, inferior epigastric, subcostal, lower posterior intercostal, lumbar, superficial circumflex iliac & deep circumflex iliac a.

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79
Q

Muscles of the pelvis

A
  • Iliacus (details under Lower Extremity)
  • Psoas (details under Lower Extremity)
  • Piriformis (details under Lower Extremity) (L. pirum, pear)
  • Obturator internus (details under Lower Extremity)
  • Pelvic diaphragm
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80
Q

Coccygeus muscle

A

attachments- from ischial spine & sacrospinous ligament to coccyx
actions- supports & compresses posterior pelvic floor
innervation- ventral rami S4-5
blood supply- inferior gluteal, internal pudendal & inferior rectal a.

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81
Q

Levator ani muscle

A

attachments- from pubic symphysis, obturator fascia &; ischial spine to midline raphe &; anococcygeal ligament
actions- supports pelvic viscera, & compresses rectum & vagina
innervation- pudendal nerve (inferior rectal branches) &; S4
blood supply- inferior gluteal, internal pudendal, inferior rectal & inferior vesical a.

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82
Q

Muscles of the perineum

A
  • Bulbospongiosus
  • Ischiocavernosus
  • Sphincter ani externus
  • Sphincter urethrae
  • Compressor urethrae
  • Sphincter urethrovaginalis
  • Deep transverse perineus
  • Superficial transverse perineus
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83
Q

Bulbospongiosus

A

attachments- in male from median raphe & perineal body (central tendon) to surround bulb of penis; in female from the perineal body to surround vestibular bulb, vaginal orifice & clitoris
actions- in male empties urethra, maintains erection & contracts during ejaculation; in female constricts vaginal orifice & contributes to erection of clitoris
innervation- perineal branch of pudendal nerve
blood supply- internal pudendal a.

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84
Q

Ischiocavernosus

A

attachments- from ischial tuberosity & ramus to aponeurosis surrounding crus of penis or clitoris
actions- compresses crus during erection
innervation- perineal branch of pudendal nerve
blood supply- internal pudendal a.

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85
Q

Sphincter ani externus

A

attachments- from perineal body (central tendon) to anococcygeal raphe
actions- closes anal canal & fixes perineal body
innervation- inferior rectal branch of pudendal nerve
blood supply- internal pudendal a.

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86
Q

Sphincter urethrae

A

attachments- surrounds urethra
actions- compresses urethra
innervation- perineal branch of pudendal nerve
blood supply- internal pudendal a

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87
Q

Compressor urethrae

A

attachments- from the ischiopubic ramus to midline passing ventral to the urethra and inferior to the sphinchter urethrae (with a variable number of fibers fanning out medially to to reach the vagina in females and thus replacing the deep transverse perineus)
actions- compresses urethra
innervation- perineal branch of the pudendal nerve
blood supply- internal pudendal a.

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88
Q

Sphincter urethrovaginalis

A

attachments- from perineal body, surrounds vagina & urethra to meet contralateral muscle inferior to compressor urethrea
actions- compresses urethra & vagina
innervation- perineal branch of the pudendal nerve
blood supply- internal pudendal a.

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89
Q

Deep transverse perineus

A

attachments- from ischial tuberosity to perineal body (central tendon)
actions- fixes perineal body
innervation- perineal branch of pudendal nerve
blood supply- internal pudendal a.

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90
Q

Superficial transverse perineus

A

attachments- from ischial tuberosity to perineal body (central tendon)
actions- fixes perineal body
innervation- perineal branch of the pudendal nerve
blood supply- internal pudendal a.

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91
Q

Cervical plexus components (most branches in head and neck)

A

-Phrenic nerve

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92
Q

Phrenic nerve (C3-5)

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to pericardium & central tendon (& adjacent pleura & peritoneum); motor (lmn) & postganglionic sympatheic innervation to diaphragm

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93
Q

Thoracic spinal nerves

A
  • Dorsal rami

- Ventral rami

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94
Q

Dorsal rami

A
  • Medial branch

- Lateral branch

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95
Q

Medial branch of dorsal rami

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to back muscles & overlying skin; motor (lmn) innervation of back muscles

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96
Q

Lateral branch of dorsal rami

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to back muscles & overlying skin; motor (lmn) innervation of back muscles

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97
Q

Ventral rami

A
  • Intercostal n. (T1-6)
  • Intercostal n. (T7-11)
  • Subcostal nerve (T12)
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98
Q

Intercostal n. (T1-6) of ventral rami function

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to intercostal muscles, parietal pleura & skin; motor (lmn) innervation of intercostal muscles

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99
Q

Intercostal n. (T1-6), of ventral rami, branches

A
  • Lateral cutaneous branch
  • Anterior cutaneous branch
  • Collateral branch
  • Intercostobrachial n. (T2 only)
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100
Q

Lateral cutaneous branch of Intercostal n. (t1-6)

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying lateral aspect of intercostal space

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101
Q

Anterior cutaneous branch of Intercostal n. (t1-6)

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying anterior aspect of intercostal space

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102
Q

Collateral branch of Intercostal n (t1-6)

A

function- redundant with remainder of nerve

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103
Q

Intercostobrachial n. (T2 only) of intercost n. (t1-6)

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying proximal, medial aspect of arm

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104
Q

Intercostal n. (T7-11) of ventral rami

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to intercostal muscles, anterior abdominal muscles, peripheral diaphragm, parietal pleura & parietal peritoneum; motor (lmn) innervation of intercostal muscles and muscles of anterior abdominal wall

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105
Q

Intercostal n. (T7-11) of ventral rami components

A
  • Lateral cutaneous branch
  • Anterior cutaneous branch
  • Collateral branch
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106
Q

Lateral cutaneous branch of intercostal n (t7-11)

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying lateral aspect of intercostal space & adjacent anterior abdominal wall

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107
Q

Anterior cutaneous branch of intercostal n (t7-11)

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying rectus abdominis muscle

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108
Q

Collateral branch of intercostal n. (t7-11)

A

function- redundant with remainder of nerve

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109
Q

Subcostal nerve (T12) of the ventral rami

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to skin overlying lateral and anterior abdominal wall, parietal peritoneum & muscles of anterior abdominal wall; motor (lmn) innervation of muscles of anterior abdominal wall

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110
Q

Lumbar nerves

A
  • Dorsal rami

- Ventral rami

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111
Q

Dorsal rami of lumbar nerve components

A
  • Medial branch

- Lateral branch

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112
Q

Medial branch of the dorsal rami of the lumbar nerves

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to back muscles & overlying skin; motor (lmn) innervation of back muscles

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113
Q

Lateral branch of the dorsal rami of the lumbar nerves

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation to back muscles & overlying skin; motor (lmn) innervation of back muscles

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114
Q

Ventral rami of the lumbar nerves components

A
  • Iliohypogastric nerve (L1)
  • Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
  • Genitofemoral nerve (L1-2)
  • Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
  • Muscular branches
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115
Q

Iliohypogastric nerve (L1) of the ventral rami

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying lower anterior abdominal wall; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

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116
Q

Ilioinguinal nerve (L1) of the ventral rami

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying proximomedial thigh, root of the penis & scrotum or mons pubis & labium majorum; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of muscles of the anterior abdominal wall

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117
Q

Genitofemoral nerve (L1-2) of the ventral rami components

A
  • Genital branch

- Femoral branch

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118
Q

Genital branch of the Genitofemoral nerve (L1-2)

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overyling part of the labium majorum or scrotum; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the cremaster muscle

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119
Q

Femoral branch of the Genitofemoral nerve (L1-2)

A

function- sensory & postganglioinc sympathetic innervation of skin overlying the femoral triangle

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120
Q

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh of the ventral rami

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overlying the lateral aspect of the thigh

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121
Q

Muscular branches of the ventral rami

A

function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic and motor (lmn) innervation of the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles

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122
Q

Sacral nerves

A
  • Dorsal rami

- Ventral rami

123
Q

Ventral rami of sacral nerves components

A
  • Posterior femoral cutaneous n.

- Pudendal n. (S2-4)

124
Q

Posterior femoral cutaneous n. of the ventral rami of the sacral nerves components

A
  • Gluteal branches

- Perineal branches

125
Q

Perineal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous n. of the ventral rami of the sacral nerves

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying part of the posterior aspect of the perineum

126
Q

Gluteal branches of the posterior femoral cutaneous n. of the ventral rami of the sacral nerves

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of skin overlying part of the gluteus maximus

127
Q

Pudendal n. (S2-4) of the ventral rami of the sacral nerves components

A
  • Inferior rectal n.
  • Perineal n.
  • Dorsal nerve of clitoris or penis
128
Q

Inferior rectal n. of the Pudendal n (s2-4)

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overyling the anus; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the external anal sphinchter

129
Q

Perineal n. of the Pudendal n. (S2-4), branches

A
  • Muscular branches

- Posterior labial or scrotal branches

130
Q

Muscular branches of the Perineal n. of the Pudendal n. (S2-4)

A

function- sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & preganglionic parasympathetic innervation of the corpus spongiosum or bulb of the vestibule; sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the spongy urethra; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & motor (lmn) innervation of the perineal muscles

131
Q

Posterior labial or scrotal branches of the Perineal n. of the Pudendal N. (S2-4)

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overyling the labia majora & minora, lower vagina & urethra or scrotum

132
Q

Dorsal nerve of clitoris or penis of the Pudendal n.

A

function- sensory & postganglionic sympathetic innervation of the skin overyling penis or clitoris; sensory, postganglionic sympathetic & preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the corpus cavernosum

133
Q

Sympathetic trunks

A
  • Rami communicans
  • Medial sympathetic nerves
  • Prevertebral Ganglia
  • Plexuses (L. a braid)
134
Q

Rami communicans of the sympathetic trunks, components

A
  • White (T1-L2)

- Gray (C1-S5)

135
Q

White (T1-L2) of the Rami communicans of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carry preganglionic sympathetic axons to the sympathetic chain (paravertebral ganglia), prevertebral ganglia (celiac, superior mesenteric,…), and sensory axons from the viscera to the spinal cord

136
Q

Gray (C1-S5) of the rami communicans of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic chain to the spinal nerves for distribution through the dorsal and ventral rami

137
Q

Medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks, components

A
  • Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
  • Upper thoracic splanchnic nerves (T1-5)
  • Lower thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-12)
  • Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-5)
  • Sacral splanchnic nerves (S1-5)
138
Q

Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carry sensory and postganglionic sympathetic axons passing from the cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia to the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses

139
Q

Upper thoracic splanchnic nerves (T1-5) of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carry sensory and postganglionic sympathetic axons passing from the upper thoracic sympathetic chain to the aortic plexus

140
Q

Lower thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-12) of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks, components

A
  • Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-9) (G. splanchnon, viscus)
  • Lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-11)
  • Least splanchnic nerve (T12)
141
Q

Greater splanchnic nerve (T5-9) (G. splanchnon, viscus) of the lower thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-12) of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carries preganglionic sympathetic axons to the celiac ganglion and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the celiac artery

142
Q

Lesser splanchnic nerve (T10-11) of the lower thoracic splanchnic nerves (T5-12) of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carries preganglionic sympathetic axons to the superior mesenteric ganglion and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the superior mesenteric artery

143
Q

Least splanchnic nerve (T12) of the lower thoracic splanchnic nerves (t5-12) of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carries preganglionic sympathetic axons to the aorticorenal ganglion and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries

144
Q

Lumbar splanchnic nerves (L1-5) of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carries preganglionic sympathetic axons to the inferior mesenteric ganglion and scattered ganglia in the hypogastric plexus, and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the inferior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries

145
Q

Sacral splanchnic nerves (S1-5) of the medial sympathetic nerves of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carries preganglionic sympathetic axons to scattered ganglia in the hypogastric plexus, and sensory axons from the viscera supplied by the inferior mesenteric and internal iliac arteries

146
Q

Prevertebral Ganglia of the sympathetic trunks, components

A
  • Celiac
  • Superior mesenteric
  • Aorticorenal
  • Inferior mesenteric
147
Q

Celiac of the prevertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- houses postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the celiac artery

148
Q

Superior mesenteric of the prevertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- houses postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the superior mesenteric artery

149
Q

Aorticorenal of the prevertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- houses postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries

150
Q

Inferior mesenteric of the prevertebral ganglia of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- houses postganglionic sympathetic neuronal cell bodies innervating viscera supplied by branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

151
Q

Plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks, components

A
  • Cardiac
  • Pulmonary
  • Aortic
  • Celiac
  • Superior mesenteric
  • Aorticorenal
  • Inferior mesenteric
  • Hypogastric
152
Q

Cardiac of the Plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carries sensory, postganglionic sympathetic (cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves) and preganglionic parasympathetic (vagal) axons innervating the heart and coronary arteries

153
Q

Pulmonary of the plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carries sensory, postganglionic sympathetic (cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves) and preganglionic parasympathetic (vagal) axons to the pulmonary and bronchial arteries, trachea and bronchi

154
Q

Aortic of the plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carries sensory and postganglionic sympathetic axons (upper thoracic splanchnic nerves) to the thoracic aorta and its branches

155
Q

Celiac of the plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carrries sensory, preganglionic sympathetic (greater splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from the celiac ganglion) and preganglionic parasympathetic (vagal) axons to the viscera supplied by the celiac artery

156
Q

Superior mesenteric of the plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carries sensory, preganglionic sympathetic (lesser splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from the superior mesenteric ganglion), and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (vagus) to the viscera supplied by the superior mesenteric artery

157
Q

Aorticorenal of the plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carries sensory, preganglionic sympathetic (least splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from the aorticorenal ganglion), and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (vagus) to the viscera supplied by the renal, suprarenal and gonadal arteries

158
Q

Inferior mesenteric of the plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carries sensory, preganglionic sympathetic (lumbar splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from the inferior mesenteric ganglion), and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (pelvic splanchnic) to the viscera supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery

159
Q

Hypogastric of the plexuses (L. a braid) of the sympathetic trunks

A

function- carries sensory, preganglionic sympathetic (lumbar splanchnic nerves), postganglionic sympathetic (from scattered ganglia), and preganglionic parasympathetic axons (pelvic splanchnic nerves) to the viscera supplied by the internal iliac artery

160
Q

Parasympathetic nerves

A
  • Vagus nerve (L. wandering)
  • Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4)
  • Pudendal nerve
161
Q

Vagus nerve (L. wandering) of the parasympathetic trunks, components

A
  • Left recurrent laryngeal n.

- Vagal trunks

162
Q

Vagus nerve (L. wandering) function

A

function- carries preganglionic parasympathetic axons innervating thoracic and abdominal viscera to the level of the left colic flexure, and sensory axons innervating the same viscera

163
Q

Vagal trunks of vagus nerve, function

A

function- carries preganglionic parasympathetic axons innervating abdominal viscera to the level of the left colic flexure, and sensory axons innervating the same viscera

164
Q

Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2-4) of parasympathetic trunk

A

function- carry sensory and preganglionic parasympathetic axons innervating the descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, bladder, uterus and erectile tissues

165
Q

Pudendal nerve of parasympathetic trunk

A

function- carries preganglionic parasympathetic axons to the corpus spongiosum (bulb of the vestibule) and corpora cavernosa (other pudendal functions are listed above)

166
Q

Veins of the trunk

A
  • Superior vena cava
  • Cardiac
  • Pulmonary
  • Inferior vena cava
167
Q

Superior vena cava components

A
  • Brachiocephalic

- Azygos (arch) (G. without a yoke, unpaired)

168
Q

Brachiocephalic of superior vena cava, components

A
  • Subclavian v.
  • Internal jugular v.
  • Vertebral v.
  • 1st intercostal v.
  • Internal thoracic v.
  • Inferior thyroid v.
  • Left superior intercostal v.
  • Pericardiacophrenic v.
169
Q

Vertebral v. of Brachiocephalic of the superior vena cava, components

A

External vertebral venous plexus

170
Q

External vertebral venous plexus of the vertebral v. of the brachiocephalic of the superior vena cava, function

A

Internal vertebral venous plexus (radicular veins [L. root])

171
Q

Azygos (arch) (G. without a yoke, unpaired) of the superior vena cava

A
  • Posterior intercostal veins
  • Right superior intercostal v.
  • Esophageal veins
  • Hemiazygos v.
  • Accessory hemiazygos v.
  • Right ascending lumbar v.
  • Right subcostal v.
  • Right lumbar azygos v.
172
Q

Hemiazygos v. of the Azygos (arch) (G. without a yoke, unpaired) of the superior vena cava

A
  • Left ascending lumbar v.
  • Left subcostal v.
  • Left lumbar azygos v.
  • L. posterior intercostals veins
173
Q

Left ascending lumbar v. of the Hemiazygos v. of the Azygos (arch) (G. without a yoke, unpaired) of the superior vena cava

A

-Left lumbar v.

174
Q

Right ascending lumbar v. of the Hemiazygos v. of the Azygos (arch) (G. without a yoke, unpaired) of the superior vena cava

A

Right lumbar v.

175
Q

Cardiac veins

A
  • Coronary sinus (starts where the posterior vein of the left ventricle drains into the great cardiac vein)
  • Anterior cardiac veins
176
Q

Coronary sinus (starts where the posterior vein of the left ventricle drains into the great cardiac vein) of the cardiac veins, components

A
  • Great cardiac v.
  • Posterior vein of the left ventricle
  • Middle cardiac v.
  • Small cardiac v.
177
Q

Pulmonary vein components

A
  • Inferior left
  • Superior left
  • Inferior right
  • Superior right
178
Q

Inferior vena cava components

A
  • Common iliac v.
  • Renal v.
  • Right inferior phrenic v.
  • Right suprarenal v.
  • Right testicular (ovarian) v.
  • Hepatic veins (right, middle & left)
  • Lumbar veins
179
Q

Common iliac v.

A
  • External iliac v.

- Internal iliac vein

180
Q

External iliac v. of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava

A
  • Inferior epigastric v.
  • Deep circumflex iliac v.
  • Femoral vein .
181
Q

Internal iliac vein of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava

A
  • Superior gluteal v.
  • Inferior gluteal v.
  • Obturator v.
  • Lateral sacral v.
  • Internal pudendal v.
  • Middle rectal v.
  • Uterine v.
  • Vesical v.
182
Q

Internal pudendal v. of the internal iliac vein of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava, components

A

Inferior rectal v.

183
Q

Inferior rectal v. of the internal pudendal v. of the internal iliac veing of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava, plexus

A

Rectal venous plexus

184
Q

Middle rectal v. of the internal iliac vein of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava, plexus

A

Rectal venous plexus

185
Q

Uterine v. of the internal iliac vein of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava, plexus

A

Uterine venous plexus (female)

186
Q

Vesical v. of the internal iliac vein of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava, plexus

A
  • Prostatic venous plexus (male)

- Vesical plexus

187
Q

Prostatic venous plexus (male) of the Vesical v. of the internal iliac vein of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava

A

Deep dorsal vein of penis (male)

188
Q

Vesical plexus of the Vesical v. of the internal iliac vein of the common iliac v. of the inferior vena cava

A

Deep dorsal vein of clitoris (female)

189
Q

Renal v. of the inferior vena cava, components

A
  • Segmental veins
  • Left gonadal v.
  • Left Suprarenal (Left Inferior phrenic) v.
190
Q

Right testicular (ovarian) v. of the inferior vena cava, plexus

A

Pampiniform plexus (male) (L. pampinus, a tendril + forma, form)

191
Q

Hepatic veins (right, middle & left) of the inferior vena cava, components

A
  • Central veins (from sinusoids)

- Hepatic portal vein (via central and sinusoids)

192
Q

Hepatic portal vein (via central and sinusoids) of the Hepatic veins (right, middle & left) of the inferior vena cava

A
  • Superior mesenteric v.
  • Splenic vein
  • Left gastric v.
  • Right gastric v.
  • Superior pancreaticoduodental v.
  • Para-umbilical v.
  • Cystic v.
193
Q

Superior mesenteric v. of the Hepatic portal vein (via central and sinusoids) of the Hepatic veins (right, middle & left) of the inferior vena cava, components

A
  • Right gastro-epiploic v.
  • Inferior pancreaticoduodenal v.
  • Jejunal veins
  • Ileal veins
  • Ileocolic v.
  • Right colic v.
  • Middle colic v.
194
Q

Splenic vein of the Hepatic portal vein (via central and sinusoids) of the Hepatic veins (right, middle & left) of the inferior vena cava, components

A
  • Short gastric veins
  • Left gastro-epiploic v.
  • Pancreatic veins
  • Inferior mesenteric v.
195
Q

Inferior mesenteric v. of the Splenic vein of the Hepatic portal vein (via central and sinusoids) of the Hepatic veins (right, middle & left) of the inferior vena cava,

A
  • Left colic v.
  • Sigmoid veins
  • Superior rectal v. (rectal venous plexus)
196
Q

Viscera of the respiratory system

A
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
  • Pleura (G. a rib, the side)
197
Q

Trachea viscera

A

carina [L. keel of boat]

198
Q

Bronchi viscera

A
  • right and left main
  • lobar
  • segmental
199
Q

Lungs viscera

A
  • Right

- Left

200
Q

Right lung viscera

A
  • Apex
  • Lobes (upper, middle & lower)
  • Fissures (oblique & horizontal)
201
Q

left lung viscera

A
  • apex
  • Lobes (upper & lower)
  • Oblique fissure
  • Lingula (L. tongue)
202
Q

Pleura (G. a rib, the side) viscera

A
  • Visceral

- Parietal

203
Q

Parietal of the pleura viscera

A
  • Regions (cervical, costovertebral, diaphragmatic & mediastinal)
  • Reflections (costodiaphragmatic, costomediastinal & costovertebral)
  • Recesses (costodiaphragmatic & costomediastinal)
  • Pulmonary ligament
204
Q

Heart viscera regions

A
  • Right atrium
  • Left atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Left ventricle
  • Surface
  • Pericardium
205
Q

Right atrium viscera

A
  • Crista terminalis (L. crest)
  • Septum (fossa ovalis) (L. saeptum, a partition)
  • Orificies
  • Pectinate muscles
206
Q

Orificies of the right atrium viscera, components

A
  • atrioventricular
  • coronary sinus
  • inferior vena cava
  • superior vena cava
207
Q

Left atrium viscera

A
  • Foramen ovale

- Orifices

208
Q

Orifices of the left atrium viscera

A
  • atrioventricular

- pulmonary veins

209
Q

Right ventricle viscera

A
  • A-V valve
  • Conus arteriosus
  • Orificies
  • Pulmonary valve (cusp)
  • Wall
210
Q

A-V valve of the right ventricle viscera

A
  • cusps
  • chordae tendinae
  • papillary muscles [L. a nipple])
211
Q

Orificies of the right ventricle viscera

A
  • Atrioventricular

- Pulmonary trunk

212
Q

Wall of the right ventricle

A
  • Trabeculae carnae [l. beam of flesh]

- Septomarginal trabecula

213
Q

Left ventricle

A
  • Aortic valve (cusps)
  • Orificies
  • A-V valve
  • Interventricular septum
  • Wall
214
Q

Orificies of the left ventricle, viscera

A
  • Aortic

- Atrioventricular

215
Q

A-V valve of the left ventricle viscera

A
  • Cusps
  • Chordae tendinae
  • Papillary muscles
216
Q

Wall of the left ventricle viscera

A

Trabeculae carnae

217
Q

Surface of the heart viscera

A
  • Apex
  • Auricles [L. ear]
  • Coronary & interventricular sulci
218
Q

Pericardium of the heart viscera

A
  • Layers (fibrous, serous)

- Pericardial sinus

219
Q

Pericardial sinus of the paricardium viscera

A
  • Transverse

- Oblique

220
Q

Mediastinum viscera

A
  • Divisions
  • Esophagus
  • Thoracic duct
  • Thymus
221
Q

Divisions of the medaistinum viscera

A
  • Superior
  • Anterior
  • Middle
  • Posterior
222
Q

Abdominal and Pelvic Viscera

A
  • Esophagus
  • Peritoneum (L. to stretch over)
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine
  • Large intestine
  • Pancreas
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
223
Q

Peritoneum (L. to stretch over) viscera

A
  • Ligaments
  • Folds
  • Pouches
  • Mesenteries
  • Greater omentum
224
Q

Ligaments of the peritoneium

A
  • Coronary
  • Falciform (L. falx, sickle shaped)
  • Gastrophrenic
  • Gastrosplenic
  • Hepatic triangular
  • Lesser omentum
  • Hepatorenal
  • Lienorenal
  • Phrenicocolic
  • Teres (L. round)
225
Q

Falciform (L. falx, sickle shaped) ligament of the peritoneium, details

A

details- surrounds ligamentum teres & paraumbilical v.

226
Q

Gastrophrenic ligament of the peritoneium, details

A

details- from abdominal esophagus to diaphragm

227
Q

Gastrosplenic ligament of the peritoneium, details

A

details- surrounds short gastric vessels)

228
Q

Lesser omentum ligament of the peritoneium, components

A
  • Hepatoduodenal
  • Hepatogastric
  • Epiploic foramen
229
Q

Hepatoduodenal of the lesser omentum ligament of the peritoneium, details

A

details- surrounds hepatic a., bile duct & portal v.

230
Q

Hepatogastric of the lesser omentum ligament of the peritoneium, details

A

details- surrounds left gastric vessels

231
Q

Epiploic foramen of the lesser omentum ligament of the peritoneium, details

A

details- communication between greater and lesser sacs

232
Q

Hepatorenal ligament details

A

details- reflection of coronary ligament onto the right kidney

233
Q

Lienorenal ligament details

A

details- surrounds splenic vessels

234
Q

Phrenicocolic ligament details

A

details- from splenic flexure of colon to diaphragm

235
Q

Teres (L. round) ligament details

A

details- fetal umbilical vein

236
Q

Folds of the peritoneium

A
  • Median umbilical
  • Medial umbilical
  • Lateral umbilical
237
Q

Median umbilical fold details

A

details- surrounds urachus

238
Q

Medial umbilical fold details

A

details- surrounds umbilical arteries

239
Q

Lateral umbilical fold details

A

details- surrounds inferior epigastric vessels

240
Q

Pouches of the peritoneium

A
  • Rectouterine

- Rectovesical

241
Q

Mesenteries of the peritoneium

A
  • Mesentery proper
  • Sigmoid mesocolon
  • Transverse mesocolon
242
Q

Mesentery proper of the peritoneum, details

A

details- surrounds branches of the superior mesenteric vessels

243
Q

Sigmoid mesocolon of the peritoneum, details

A

details- surrounds branches of the inferior mesenteric vessels

244
Q

Transverse mesocolon of the peritoneum, details

A

details- surrounds branches of the middle colic vessels

245
Q

Stomach viscera

A
  • Surface features

- Internal features

246
Q

Internal features of the stomach viscera

A
  • Folds
  • Cardiac & pyloric [L. a gatekeeper] orifices,
  • Pyloric sphinchter
247
Q

Surface features of the stomach viscera

A
  • Fundus [L. bottom]
  • Body
  • Greater & lesser curvatures
  • Cardiac region
  • Pylorus
248
Q

Small intestine regions

A
  • Duodenum
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum
249
Q

Duodenum viscera divisions

A
  • Free
  • Descending
  • Horizontal
  • Ascending
250
Q

Descending viscera of the duodenum

A

-Duodenal papillae (major & minor)

251
Q

Jejunum viscera

A

Duodenojejunal flexture (junction)

252
Q

Large intestine regions

A
  • Surface features
  • Cecum (L. blind)
  • Ascending colon
  • Transverse colon
  • Descending colon
  • Sigmoid colon
  • Rectum
  • Anus
253
Q

Surface features of the large intestine viscera

A
  • Teniae coli [G. tainia, band, tape]
  • Haustra [L. to draw up, drink up from resemblance to buckets on a water wheel]
  • Appendices epiploicae)
254
Q

Cecum (L. blind) of the large intestine viscera

A
  • Ileocecal junction

- Veriform [L. worm form] appendix

255
Q

Ascending colon of the large intestine viscera

A

-Right colic flexure

256
Q

Descending colon viscera

A

Left or splenic flexure

257
Q

Rectum viscera

A

Ampulla [l. saccular dilation of a canal]

258
Q

Anus viscera

A
  • Columns
  • Valves
  • Sinuses
259
Q

Pancreas viscera

A
  • Parts

- Pancreatic duct

260
Q

Parts of pancreatic viscera

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • Body
  • Tail
  • Uncinate [L. uncus, hook] process
261
Q

Liver viscera regions

A
  • Lobes
  • Surface features
  • Internal features
262
Q

Lobes of liver viscera

A
  • Right
  • Left
  • Quadrate
  • Caudate
263
Q

Surface features of liver viscera

A
  • Posterior surface

- Inferior surface

264
Q

Inferior surface of liver viscera features

A
  • Impression for gall baldder
  • Fissure for ligamentum teres
  • Porta [L. gate] hepatis
265
Q

Posterior surface of liver viscera features

A
  • Caval groove

- Fissure for ligamentum venosum

266
Q

internal features of liver viscera

A
  • Hepatic veins

- Portal triads

267
Q

Gall bladder divisions

A
  • Fundus
  • Body
  • Neck
268
Q

Ducts of gall bladder

A
  • Common
  • Cystic
  • Hepatic
269
Q

Urogenital Viscera

A
  • Kidneys
  • Ureter
  • Urinary bladder
  • Urethra
270
Q

Kidneys Surface features

A
  • Superior pole
  • Inferior pole
  • Hilum [L. a small bit or trifle]
  • Capsule
  • . Sinus
271
Q

Kidneys Internal features

A
  • Cortex [L. bark]
  • Medulla [L. marrow, middle]
  • Pelvis
272
Q

Cortex [L. bark] of the kidneys

A

Columns

273
Q

Medulla [L. marrow, middle] of the kidneys

A

Pyramids

-papillae

274
Q

Pelvis of the kidneys

A

Major & minor calices [L. cup of a flower]

275
Q

Retroperitoneal features of the kidneys

A
  • Pararenal fat
  • Perirenal fat
  • Renal fascia
276
Q

Urinary bladder Surface features

A
  • Apex
  • Fundus
  • Neck
  • Urachus
277
Q

Urinary bladder Internal features

A
  • Ureathral orifice
  • Ureteric orifices
  • Trigone
278
Q

Male Urethra

A
  • Prostatic segment
  • Membranous segment
  • Spongy segment
279
Q

Prostatic segment of male urethra

A
  • Prostatic sinus

- Colliculus semilunaris

280
Q

Membranous segment of male urethra

A

Bulbourethral glands

281
Q

Male Reproductive Viscera

A
  • Scrotum
  • Testis
  • Epididymis
  • Spermatic cord
  • Ductus deferens
  • Seminal [L. seed] vesicle
  • Prostate
  • Penis
282
Q

Scrotum components

A
  • Raphe
  • Septum
  • Dartos muscle
283
Q

Testis components

A
  • Tunica [L. coating] albuginea [L. white]
  • Tunica vaginalis
  • Efferent ductules
284
Q

Epididymis components

A
  • Head
  • Body
  • Tail
285
Q

Ductus deferens components

A

Ampulla

286
Q

Seminal [L. seed] vesicle components

A

Ejaculatory duct

287
Q

Penis Parts (components :))

A
  • Root
  • Body
  • Fascia
288
Q

Root of penis components

A
  • Crura [L. limb, leg]

- Bulb

289
Q

Body of penis components

A

Corpus spongiosum

  • Glans
  • Corpora cavernosum
290
Q

Fascia of penis components

A
  • Fundiform ligament
  • Suspensory ligament
  • Superficial
  • Deep
  • Tunica albuginea
291
Q

Female Reproductive Viscera

A
  • Ovary
  • Uterine tubes
  • Uterus
  • External genitilia
  • Breast
292
Q

Ovary ligaments

A
  • Ovarian

- Suspensory

293
Q

Peritoneal folds of ovary

A
  • Mesovarium
  • Mesosalpinx [G. salpinx, trumpet]
  • Mesometrium [G. metra, uterus]
294
Q

Mesovarium fold of ovary details

A

Details- surrounds ovarian & suspensory ligaments, & ovarian vessels

295
Q

Mesosalpinx [G. salpinx, trumpet] fold of ovary details

A

Details- surrounds uterine tubes

296
Q

Mesometrium [G. metra, uterus] fold of ovary details

A

Details- surrounds uterine vessels

297
Q

Uterine tubes components

A
  • Fimbria [L. fringe]
  • Ampulla
  • Infundibulum [L. a funnel]
  • Isthmus [narrow passage connecting two larger cavities]
298
Q

Uterus components

A
  • Fundus
  • Corpus
  • Cervix [L. neck])
299
Q

female External genitilia

A
  • Mons [L. mountain] pubis
  • Labia majora
  • Labia minora
  • Clitoris
  • Vagina
300
Q

Labia majora components

A
  • Anterior commissure
  • Posterior commissure
  • Pudendal cleft
301
Q

Labia minora components

A
  • Frenulum [L. small bridle]

- Prepuce [L. foreskin])

302
Q

Clitoris components

A
  • Corpus
  • Glans [L. acorn]
  • Crus
303
Q

Vagina components

A
  • Bulb of the vestibule
  • Fornices [L. vault, arch]
  • Orifice
  • Greater vestibular glands
304
Q

Breast components

A
  • Nipple
  • Areola [L. area]
  • Lactiferous ducts
  • Suspensory ligaments

Anatomy Unit 2 (11 decks)

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