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Bio 113 Lab > Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Explain the Cell Theory

A
  1. Every living organism is made up of cells 2. Cells are the most basic unit of life 3, Cells arise from pre-existing cells
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2
Q

Prokaryotic Cells

A

No nucleus simple structure ex: bacteria most abundant organisms single celled lack membrane bound organelles primitive bc developed before a nucleus DNA is loosely concentrated in a nucleoid region cell functions are carried out in cytoplasm

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3
Q

Eukaryotic Cells

A

internal membranes larger compartments

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4
Q

4 major similarities

A

Cells must survive a hostile environment Cells must coordinate biochemical processes Cells need nutrition Cells need energy

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5
Q

3 types of basic transport

A

Diffusion Facilitated transport Active transport

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6
Q

Diffusion

A

random movement of molecules from higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Does no require energy

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7
Q

Facilitated transport

A

passive transport that uses embedded transport proteins to move specific molecules and ions across the plasma membrane.

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8
Q

Active transport

A

uses energy to move molecules across a plasma membrane from an area of lower concentration to metabolic energy Requires carrier proteins

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9
Q

Cyanobacteria

A

not harmful produce oxygen

blue green

necklace shape

important in nutrient cycles and are photosynthic

nittrogen fixers and have specialized cells called heterocysts used in nitrogen fixation

survine in harsh enviornmets through production of spore like cells called akinetes

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10
Q
A

coccus

a round bacterium

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11
Q
A

Bacillus

rod shaped bacteria

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12
Q
A

Spirillum

Spiral shaped

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13
Q

Gram-positive bacteria

A

comple networkk of amino suugars (peptidoglycans) that form a cell wall outside of the plasma membrane

purple

no outer membrane

more absorbant to stain

more resistant to antibiotics

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14
Q

Gram-Negative Bacteria

A

less peptodoglycan in their cell walls and have an outer membrane composed of lipoplyacharides

thin cell walls

less aborbant to stains

more threatening

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15
Q

Broad-spectrum

A

antibiotics inhibit both Gram-positive and Gram- Negative bacteria

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16
Q

Narrow-spectrum

A

antiiotics inhibit either Gram-Positive or Gram Negative bacteria but not both

17
Q

zones of inhibition

A

sections where the bacteria ccannot grow

18
Q

membrane organelles

A

nucleus (originated from prokaryotic)

mitochondria & chloroplasts (from endosymbiosis)

19
Q

endosymbiosis

A

energry producing bacteria and sugar-producinng cyanobacteria develop stable symbiotic relationships with the host cells that develop with the host cells

Corals and zooxanthellae

20
Q

mitochandria

A

provide energy eukaryotic organsisms need to survive

have a double membrane

outer membrane derived from host cell

inner is from ancestral endosymbiont

in the membrane are proteins that cary out cellular resiraltion

21
Q

chloroplasts

A

manufacture the carbohdrates that aare the basis of most food webs

22
Q

Animal and Plant cells

A

Similarities

internal membrane system

endoplasmic reticulum

smooth ER surface has no ribosomes

Golgi apparatus

non membrane bound organelles

Ribosomes

23
Q

Paramecium

A

Most have a large macronucleus that controls metabolic functions and a small micronucleus that is involved in reproduction

24
Q

ATP

A

eukaryotes undergo aerobic cellular respiration within their mmitochandria

this process relies on oxygen produced during photosynthessis to break down glucose and produce ATP

Powers cell function

25
Q

products of cellular respiration

A

carbon dioxide

water

energy (ATP)

26
Q

breakdown of gluclose

A
  1. Glycolysis: occurs in cytoplasm, yeilds 2 ATP molecules per molecule of glucose
  2. Citric Acid cycle: mitochondral matrix and is an intermediate pathway that yeilds anadditionals two moecules of ATP per molecule of glucose
  3. Electron transport increases amount of ATP fifteen to eighteen fold over the amount generated b glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
27
Q

Bromothymol blue

and yellow

A

form =s carbonic acid in presence of CO2 during cellular respiration and makes pH become more acidic

under alkaline conditions

yellow: in an acidic solution

28
Q

Fermentaion

A

is a form of respiration that occurs in the absense of oxygen

29
Q
A

Cell energy cyce

30
Q
A

Chloroplast structure

31
Q

Bacteria types

A

Areobic- requires oxygen

Anaerobic require low or zero oxygen

facultative anaerobes- like oxygen but may get by without

32
Q

Just plant cells

A

Plastids

  • site of photosynthesis- chloroplasts
  • storage starch- leucoplst
  • storage of pigments- chromoplasts

Bio 113 Lab (9 decks)

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