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Bio 113 Lab > Last Quiz! > Flashcards

Last Quiz! Flashcards

1
Q

Respiration

A

Gas Exchange (O2 to tissues, removal of CO2 from the system)

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2
Q

Circulation

A

Transport of nutrients, gases, hormones, blood, etc. through the body

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3
Q

Small aquatic organisms achieve gas exchange through

A

diffusion

ex: sponges, Cnidarians, Flatworms

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4
Q

Lungs must be kept _____ for gas exchange

A

moist

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5
Q

Upper Respiratory Tract

A

Naval Cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

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6
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract

A

Trachea
Primary bronchi
Lungs

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7
Q

Air Flow

A 
Nostril 
Pharynx 
Larynx
Trachea 
Bronchi 
Lung 
Bronchioles 
Alveoli
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8
Q

Alveoli

A

Sacs
One cell thick
Covered by capillaries
Where gas exchange occurs

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9
Q

Three parts to the circulatory system

A

Circulatory fluid
Interconnecting tubes
Pump (heart)

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10
Q

Open System

A

The circulatory fluid directly bathes the organs

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11
Q

Closed System

A

Confined to vessels

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12
Q

Red Blood Cells

A

Erythocytes
Transport O2 and CO2
No nucleus in human RBC

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13
Q

White Blood Cells

A

leukocytes
Primary protect the body from infection
Have a nucleus

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14
Q

Platelets

A

Aid in blood clotting

Form scabs

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15
Q

Arteries

A

Thicker walled
Mostly oxygenated blood
Branch into smaller and smaller arterioles

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16
Q

Veins

A

Thinner Walled
Mostly deoxygenated blood
Have one-way valves

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17
Q

Capillaries

A

Smallest and thinnest

Allows for the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide

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18
Q

Fish Circulation

A

Atrium - collects blood from the body
Ventricle- blood from the atrium
Blood Movement- Gills, Body, Back to heart
Problems- Drop in blood pressure to movement through 2 capillary beds

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19
Q

Amphibian Circulation

A

Three Chambered Heart
Right Atrium- deoxygenated Blood
Left atrium - Oxygenated Blood
Ventricle- Blood mixes

20
Q

Reptile Circulation

A 
Ventricle now has a septum 
Lizards, snakes, and turtles- septum does not fully divide, blood mixes, considered a 3-chambered heart 
Crocodile/Bird 
- Almost completely closed septum 
- considered 4 chambered heart
21
Q

Double Circuit Circulation

A

Having a 4-chambered heart allows for the bood to be pumped to lungs and then back to the heart before moving to the body

  • keep blood pressure higher, compensates for drop at gas exchange
  • More eddicient to meet high energy demands
22
Q

Human Circulation

A

Body, Superior and inferior vena cava, Right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary artery, lungs, pulmonary vein, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body

23
Q

Tricuspid Valve

A

Between right atrium ventricle

24
Q

Bicuspid Valve

A

Between left atrium and ventricle “Tri before you by”

25
Q

Tricuspid, bicuspid, and semilunar valves

A

Prevents backflow during contractions

26
Q

Tidal Volume (TV)

A

Volume in a normal breath

27
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

A

Volume of air that can be inhaled after normal breath

28
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

A

Volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal breath

29
Q

Vital Capacity =

A

TV=IRV=ERV

30
Q

Heart Conduction

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

A

Starts the depolarization wave

Atria contract

31
Q

ECG

A

Electrocardiogram
represents thee electrical conduction across the heart
P-Wave: depolarization wave moves across atria
QRS Complex- ventricular depolarization
T-Wave - repolarization of ventricles

32
Q

Systole

A

Top number in Blood Pressure
Ventricular contraction - extra pressure on arteries
Normal range 90-130

33
Q

Diastole

A

Bottom number in blood pressure
Ventricles relax arterial pressure drops
normal 60-90

34
Q

MAP

A

mean arteriole pressure
weighted average of the systolic and diastolic pressures
Used to make direct comparisons between treatments or individuals

35
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord

Coordinates activities that enable an organism to survive in its environment

36
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

Includes sensory and motor neurons

Everything else but brain and spinal cord

37
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of neurons

38
Q

Neuron

A

a specialized cell that conducts nerve impulses

39
Q

Dendrites

A

receives messages

40
Q

Soma

A

cell body, contains nucleus

41
Q

Axon

A

conducts nerve impulses

insulated by a myelin sheath (faster electrical conduction)

42
Q

Synapse

A

gap between two neurons

signals are passed between the two cells via neurotransmitters

43
Q

Synaptic Terminal

A

end of axons

upon nerve impulse, signal, neurotransmitters are stimulated

44
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

More than 100 different ones in animals
Categorized by size or structure
Excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters -like brake and accelerator on a car
All nervous systems operate in this way, combined excitatory and inhibitory actions of neurotranmitters

45
Q

Five Senses

A

Taste, Smell, Touch, Hearing, SIght

46
Q

Chemoreception

A

Taste and Smell

47
Q

Mechanoreception

A

Touch and Hearing

Bio 113 Lab (9 decks)

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