4.2.1 APPROACHES IN PSYCHOLOGY Flashcards
(48 cards)
outline the assumptions of the humanistic approach
everyone is unique
everyone has free will and are self determining
everyone wants to reach their full potential
what does the humanistic approach describe people as
active agents : affected by internal and external forces but ultimately determine their own development
is the humanistic approach objective or subjective
subjective
who created the hierarchy of needs
maslow
how does a person progress through the hierarchy of needs
a person must meet the current need before progressing through and reaching self actualisation
what are the levels of the hierarchy of needs
self-actualisation
esteem needs
belongingness and love needs
safety needs
physiological needs
define self actualisation
the desire to grow psychologically and reach full potential
morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice
what did rogers suggest in relation to personal growth
for personal growth to be achieved, a persons self-concept must be broadly equivalent to, or have congruence to, their ideal self
what type of therapy does the humanistic approach support
client centred therapy
why do people have low self esteem
roots in childhood, including lack of unconditional positive regard
define unconditional positive regard
showing complete support and acceptance of a person no matter what that person says or does
outline attributes of client centred therapy
therapy is not ‘directive’ and the client is encouraged towards the discovery of their own solutions within a warm and non-judgemental environment
therapists should provide: genuineness, empathy and UPR
the aim is to increase the person’s feelings of self-worth, reduce incongruence and help the person become a fully functioning person
outline the assumptions of the psychodynamic approach
behaviour is controlled by unconscious forces
personality and behaviour are determined by childhood experiences
closely associated with the work of freud
what does the unconscious mind contain
threatening and disturbing, repressed memories
how can the unconscious mind be accessed
through dreams and slips of the tounge
what does the preconscious mind contain
thoughts and memories which are not currently in conscious awareness
how did freud describe the structure of personality
a tripartite
outline the three attributes of the structure of personality
id
ego
superego
what is the id
pleasure principle
entirely selfish and demands instant gratification
mainly present at birth
what is the ego
reality principle
mediator between the id and superego
reduces conflict between demands using defence mechanisms
develops at age 2
what is the superego
morality principle
represents moral standards of same-sex parent and punishes ego through guilt
develops around age 5
name the four defence mechanisms
repression
denial
displacement
regression
define defence mechanisms and what they are used for
unconscious mechanisms which prevent the ego being overwhelmed by temporary threats and trauma
name the five psychosexual stages
oral
anal
phallic
latency
genital
