4.2.3 Plant Tissues, Organs and Systems Flashcards
4.2 Organisation (13 cards)
List the different types of plant tissue.
- Epidermal Tissue
- Palisade Mesophyll
- Spongy Mesophyll
- Xylem and Phloem
- Meristem Tissue
(Leaf is an organ, not a tissue)
What is the main function of root hair cells?
To absorb water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport.
How are root hair cells adapted for their function?
They have a large surface area, thin walls, and many mitochondria for active transport.
What does xylem tissue transport?
Water and mineral ions from roots to leaves.
How is xylem adapted for its function?
It consists of hollow tubes strengthened with lignin, allowing water to move in the transpiration stream.
What does phloem transport?
Dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
What is the name of the process by which sugars move through the phloem?
Translocation.
How is phloem adapted for its function?
It has elongated cells with pores in end walls so sap can move between cells.
What is transpiration?
The evaporation of water from plant leaves, mainly through the stomata.
What factors affect the rate of transpiration?
Temperature, humidity, air movement (wind), and light intensity.
What is the function of stomata?
To control gas exchange and water loss.
What is the role of guard cells?
They open and close the stomata to regulate gas exchange and water loss.
How can you measure the rate of transpiration?
By measuring the uptake of water, e.g., using a potometer.
