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HIstology > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

muscle tissue is composed of

A
  • muscle cells (myocytes, myofibers)
  • stem cells (satelite cells)
  • nerve supply
    • somatic motor (voluntary)
    • visceral motor (involuntary)
  • exciteable plasma membranes
  • connective tissue
  • blood vessel, lymphatics
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2
Q

non-muscle contractile tissue

A
  • myoepithelial cells (gladular)

- myofibroblasts (wound healing)

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3
Q

skeletal muscle

A
  • striated
  • voluntary
  • skeletal movement
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4
Q

visceral

A
  • striated
  • voluntary visceral muscle
  • tongue
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5
Q

cardiac

A
  • striated
  • under autonomic control
  • sympathetic and parasympathetic
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6
Q

smooth

A
  • nonstriated
  • wide distribution
  • gut, bronshioles, blood vessels, ureter, gall bladder
  • autonomic via parasympathetic and sympathetic NS
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7
Q

myo, sarc, mysium

A

-having to do with muscle

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8
Q

sarcolemma

A

-plasma membrane + external lamina

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9
Q

sarcoplasm

A

-cytoplasm

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10
Q

sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

-sER

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11
Q

myofiber

A

-myocyte = muscle cell

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12
Q

skeletal muscle layers

A

-epimysium, perimysium, endomysium

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13
Q

characteristics of skeletal muscle

A

striated

  • multinucleated
  • voluntary
  • long unbranched fibers
  • continuous external lamina
  • no gap junction
  • rich CT investment: surrounds entire muscle, surrounds fascicles, surrounds fibers
  • multinucleated, a true syncytium
  • nuscleus is eccentric
  • each cell is full of myofibrils which are full of myofilaments
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14
Q

where are organelles contained in muscle fibers

A

-in the gaps between myofribrils

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15
Q

I band

A
  • Z line is found in the middle of this

- this is where you only find myosin, no actin

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16
Q

A band

A

-where myosin and actin overlap

17
Q

H band

A

-where you only see actin

18
Q

M line

A

-where the actin is anchored

19
Q

Z line

A

-where the myosin is anchored

20
Q

during contraction what happens to the bands

A
  • z lines come together
  • a band does not change
  • h band narrows
  • i band narrows
21
Q

t tubules

A

-run transversely through the myofibrils, carrying a membrane potential which triggers the sarcoplasmic reticulum to release calcium

22
Q

what links contractile proteins to the ECM

A
  • dystrophin

- a mutation in this protein causes muscular dystrophy

23
Q

red muscle fibers

A
  • many mitochondria, myoglobin dn oxydative enzymes

- aerobic

24
Q

white muscle fibers

A
  • fewer mitochondria and oxidative enzymes
  • anaerobic, quick to fatigue
  • strong
25
Q

sensory perception

A

-muscle spindle provides proprioception and stretch sensation

26
Q

golgi tendon organ

A

-proprioception and inhibition reflew

27
Q

cardiac muscle

A
  • involuntary
  • striated
  • long, branched fibers
  • discontinuous external lamina
  • many gap junctions
  • cells often binucleate
  • intrinsic capability to beat
28
Q

fascia adherin

A

the end to end junction of cardiac muscle

-desmosomes

29
Q

cardiac t tubule

A
  • less efficient than skeletal muscle but cell-autonomous contractility and a functional syncitium compensate
  • does not completely surround the miofibril
30
Q

endocrine myocardial cells

A
  • release ANF, a vasodilator
  • released in response to high BP, high NA+, and angiotensin 2
  • predominantly in the aorta
31
Q

purkinje fibers

A
  • specialized conducting cells
  • rich in glycogen
  • conduct impulses
32
Q

excitation contraction coupling of smooth muscle

A
  1. electrical via Ca gated channels, slow excitation, NT released through varicosities. also done via caveolae which is a faster process
  2. mechanical via stretching simulating mechanosensitive ion channels (myogenic)
  3. hormonal - oxytocin stimulating uterine contraction
33
Q

leiomyomas

A
  • uterine fibroids

- bundles of smooth muscle

34
Q

repairing skeletal

A
  • satellite cell activation

- disease or trauma

35
Q

cardiac repair

A
  • some satellite cell activation but not much
  • limited mitosis is possible
  • most repair though is fibrotic
36
Q

smooth repair

A

-actively proliferates in response to damage and physiological need

HIstology (19 decks)

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