Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HIstology > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

major functions of the urinary system

A
  • removal of metabolic waste products from the blood: heme to bilirubn to urobilin (yellow)
  • regulation of ion concentration (NA, K , etc)
  • regulation of blood acid-base balance
  • regulation of blood pressure (renin)
  • regulation of RBC production (EPO)
  • regulation of VitD production
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which hormones are synthesized and released by the kidney

A

-renin and EPO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does Vit D interat with the kidney

A

-synthesized in the skin but activated and released in the kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

role of vit D

A
  • increases ca absorption in small intestine
  • increases ca absorption in renal tubules
  • increases osteoclast activity to increase ca levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

renal artery branches into

A

-interlobar artery and then the arcuate artery and then the interlobular artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

renal collumn is found where

A

in between renal pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

renal pyramids dump into

A

renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

lobules are seperated by

A

interlobular arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

renal corpuscle

A

-glomerulus and bormans capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

nephron

A

renal corpuslce and tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

uriniferous tubule

A

nephron and collecting duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

cells found in the glomerulus

A
  • endothelial cells
  • mesangial cells
  • podocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

glomerulus is surrounded by

A

-bowmans space and capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does the glomerulus and bowmans capsule facilitate filtration

A

-large afferent arterioles and small efferent arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mesangial cells

A
  • support
  • phagocytosis
  • repair
  • contractile
  • BP monitoring (extraglomerular mesangial cels, lacis cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

podocytes

A
  • surround the glomerulus and facilitate filtration by making small slits with long processes
  • share a basement membrane with endothelial cells, filtrate passes through the spaces between the conjoining processes
17
Q

glomerular filtration

-composition of the filtration system

A
  • 68,000MW allowed to pass through
  • barrier is made with type 4 collagen network
  • lamin network
  • proteoglycans
18
Q

flow of blood that becomes filtrate in the kidney starting with the interlobar artery

A
  • interlobary artery
  • arcuate artery
  • interlobular artery
  • afferent arteriole
  • into bowmans capsule
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • loop of henle thick then thin
  • distal convoluted tubule
  • colecting duct
19
Q

job of the proximal and distal convoluted tubule

A

-to remove everything that is useful to us and leave veryting that isnt to be excreting

20
Q

where does the majority of resorbtion happen?

A
  • 80% in the PCT

- PCT 3: 1 DCT

21
Q

characteristics of PCT

A
  • brush border with enzyme rich glycocalyx
  • endocytic vesicles
  • basal infoldings
  • abundant mitochondria
  • Na/K ATPase
22
Q

characteristics of the DCT

A
  • resorbs mostly water and Na
  • no brush border
  • fewer mitochondria
  • aldosterone sensitive Na/K ATPase
23
Q

what is actively absorbed in the PCT

A
  • Na (endocytosis)
  • amino acids
  • sugars
  • peptides (endocytosis)
24
Q

passive absorption in the PCT

A
  • water

- Cl

25
Q

two steps of resorption

A
  • pump nutrients into the ECM

- uptake of nutrients into caps

26
Q

renal medulla

A
  • generation of salt gradient
  • resorption of water
  • acid base balance
27
Q

what can we see in cross section of the kidney

A
  • thin and thick loop of henle
  • vasa recta
  • collecting duct
28
Q

intercalated (dark) cells

A
  • found in the collecting duct
  • regulate pH in the collecting duct
  • alpha cells release H+
  • beta cells release HCO3-
29
Q

light cells

A
  • found in the collecting duct
  • more common than the dark cells
  • respond to ADH and control water resorption
  • ciliated which serve as mechanosensors
30
Q

mutation in cilia of light cells in collecting duct

A

-mutation in polycystin-1,2 genes lead to ciliopathies and polycystic kidney disease

31
Q

what is the environment of the medulla like?

A

-salt-rich, allowing water to be resorbed through the collecting duct via osmotic pressure

32
Q

ADH

A
  • generated by the pituitary (pons nervosa)
  • ats on the collecting duct to promote water resorption which concentrates the urine
  • this is blocked by booze which is why we pee so much
33
Q

diabetes

-insipidus and mellitus

A
  • insipidus: inability to make or respond to ADH, you pee a lot
  • mellitus: insulin def leads to elevated glucose which leads to osmotic diuresis
34
Q

kidney stones

A
  • crystals may form from calcium oxalate or uric acid precipitates
  • precipitation may be caused by low fluid intake, high protein diets, refined sugars
  • passage of stone is very painful
  • blockage may lead to hydronephrosis
35
Q

blood pressure monitoring

A
  • arteial pressure in afferent arteriole are responded to by JG cells via baroreceptors
  • ion concentration in the DCT is responded to by macula densa (chemoreceptors)
36
Q

contents of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

A
  • Jg cells
  • macula densa
  • lacis cells
37
Q

how do we increase BP?

A
  • angiotensin is release by the liver and converted to angiotensin 1 via renin that is released from the kidney
  • angiotensin 1 is converted to angiotensin 2 via ACE
  • angiotensin 2 acts on the adrena cortex to release aldosteron which causes increased Na resorp in the DCt
  • angiotensin 2 also causes vasoconstriction and NaCl/H2O reabsorption in the kidney
38
Q

what type of epithelium is found on the surface of the minor calyx?

A

transitional aka urothelium

-this has the ability to stretch which causes the balloon cells to get thin on the surface

39
Q

ureter

A
  • transitional epithelium
  • no muscularis mucosae
  • three layers in muscularis externa (distal portion only)

HIstology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions