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Marine Biology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

All matter is composed of

A

Elements of diff. Types

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2
Q

Elements naturally occur as

A

Atoms

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3
Q

Atoms can be found

A

Solo or found together in molecules

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4
Q

Molecules are the result of

A

Two or more atoms bounded together chemically

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5
Q

Not all molecules are

A

Compounds

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6
Q

Water molecule has slight…… Why?

A

Negative and positive charge, oxygen is more electromagnetic

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7
Q

Positive charges are near… And the negative are near

A

Hydrogen, oxygen

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8
Q

Hydrogen bonds are what keeps water at

A

Room temperature

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9
Q

Due to slight electrical charges water molecules are

A

Attracted to each other

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10
Q

Attraction of one molecule to another is called

A

Hydrogen bonding

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11
Q

The colder water gets what happens to density until 4 degrees Celsius

A

Density increases , until 4 degrees when. They spread out again

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12
Q

Hydrogen bonds keep water molecules

A

Cohesive

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13
Q

The gas from of water is

A

Water vapor, humidity

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14
Q

When molecules are closer together there is

A

Greater density

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15
Q

Water … At 4 degrees Celsius and this is why ice

A

Expands, float

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16
Q

Cold water…. Underneath warmer water

A

Sinks

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17
Q

Colder water holds more .., than the same volume of water

A

Oxygen, good for organisms

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18
Q

Ice is … Dense than liquid water due to the ….

A

Less, air trapped in it

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19
Q

If ice did not float

A

Water would freeze form bottom up and everything would freeze

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20
Q

Matter is anything that

A

Has mass and takes up space

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21
Q

Water has high

A

Latent heat of melting, ice melts at Hugh temp and absorbs a great deal of heat as it does

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22
Q

Heat capacity

A

Amount of heat required to raise a substances temperature by a given amount

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23
Q

Amounts of water

A

61% freshwater in ice 30% underground 3% we have access to

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24
Q

What place stores the most heat

A

Western Atlantic warm pool

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25
Q

High heat compactly is good for marine organisms why

A

Not subject to wide temp. Ranges like we are on land , exception is shallow water warms up quick because of small volume

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26
Q

Great deal of heat required for

A

Evaporation which is why water stays in ocean

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27
Q

Water acts as a solvent meaning

A

Things dissolve into it

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28
Q

Any substance dissolved in water is called a

A

Solute

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29
Q

Levels of solutes in water is called

A

Salinity

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30
Q

Main solutes dissolved in water… Measured in

A

Chloride and sodium, ppt part per thousand 1000 grams of water 35 grams of salt

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31
Q

Ocean water where it meets a river can be

A

15-25 ppt

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32
Q

Where can ppt be higher

A

If evaporation is high and no rivers lead into water

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33
Q

Water is relatively….. Good for …. Organisms… Level of penetration varies by

A

Transparent , photosynthetic, amount of solutes in the water

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34
Q

What is difference between Bahamas and Norht Carolina

A

Rivers dump solutes into North Carolina waters

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35
Q

First color to dissappear and at what feet

A

10 meters 33 feet red

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36
Q

Water comes from.. And to a lesser extent

A

Rivers, precipitation… Melting of polar ice caps symptom of sea level rising…. Thermal expansion

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37
Q

Solutes come from

A

Weathering of rocks, rivers that have solutes in them, hydrothermal vents

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38
Q

Anions chloride and sulfide come from

A

Volcanoes and places where magma comes up under water

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39
Q

CTions sodium potassium magnesium come from

A

Rivers and weathering

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40
Q

May gasses dissolved in sea water

A

Oxygen (source) carbon dioxide ( absorb sink)nitrogen(from waste)

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41
Q

Atmospheric Co2 is … In ocean

A

High

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42
Q

Gasses dissolve at …. For, the atmosphere

A

Sea surface

43
Q

Like other aerobic organisms many organisms in ocean utilize… And expel

A

Oxygen carbon dioxide

44
Q

Under what condition does water hold the most dissolved gas

A

Cold

45
Q

1 ATM equals….. And balloon decreases by

A

10 meters decrease balloon by a half

46
Q

Differences seen in diff. Parts of ocean are due to

A

Circulation patterns

47
Q

Circulation can occur as

A

Waves, tides, currents and gyres

48
Q

Circulation is driven by

A

Wind patterns driven by sun, which is driven by heat

49
Q

As sunlight heats air, the air

A

Rises and cool air takes place of the risen

50
Q

Mid morning the wind is … Vs at night

A

Onshore because land heats quicker

Offshore because land cools quicker

51
Q

Winds created in this pattern continuously at the equator are known as

A

Trade winds

52
Q

Westerlies in …. And easterlies at …… Are …. Than trade winds

A

Mid latitude, poles, less consistent

53
Q

Current goes to the …. Of the trade winds

A

Right

54
Q

In the northern hemisphere

A

Wind direction is up and current is 45 degrees to right

55
Q

Waves are the result of

A

Wind blowing over waters surface

56
Q

Size of wave depends on

A

How long and fast the wind blows

57
Q

Fetch is the amount of

A

Open water a wind blows over

58
Q

Highest pint of wave is… Lowest point is

A

Crest trough

59
Q

Distance between two crests is

A

Wavelength

60
Q

The time it takes wave to pass by set point is

A

Wave period

61
Q

Waves transfer …. Water is not actually

A

Energy … Moving

62
Q

Waves do not move water… Does

A

Wind

63
Q

As a wave nears the shore what happens

A

Bottom of wave drags the bottom which causes waves to slow and move together shorter wavelength… Drag causes wave crest to fall over is called a wave break

64
Q

The surf caused from the ….displaces lots of …. Affecting organisms

A

Wave break…. Sand

65
Q

Currents can be in ….. Layers of deeper water layers

A

Surface

66
Q

Both winds and the currents they drive are affected by the

A

Coriolanus effect

67
Q

Since earth is spinning it causes the

A

Deflection of winds and currents

68
Q

Deflection causes currents to travel in circular patterns called

A

Gyres

69
Q

Surface layer, intermediate, bottom layer

A

200 meters, well mixed ; 200-1500 temperature change and less mixing; below 1500 low mixing and uniformity cold

70
Q

Where is the oldest deep water

A

North Pacific before it up wells

71
Q

Water sinks due to changes in

A

Salinity and temperature down welling

72
Q

Down welling brings gases from surface to

A

Deeper layers

73
Q

Areas of upwelling come from

A

Currents that push deeper waters towards surface

74
Q

Nutrients are more plentiful in

A

Deeper layers so areas of upwelling are beneficial for organisms in that area

75
Q

Circulation is driven by… Which are

A

Tides. Rhythmic raising a and falling of the sea surface levels which are caused by gravitational pull form moon

76
Q

Semi diurnal

A

Most locations have two high tides and two low tides a day

77
Q

One high and one low tide a day is

A

Diurnal

78
Q

High tide happens when moon is on

A

Horizon

79
Q

Number and size of tides can be affected by

A

Bottom features and geographic features

80
Q

Spring tides are when

A

Sun and moon are in line and tidal range is greater

81
Q

Neap tides

A

When sun and moon are not aligned

82
Q

Organisms living in areas exposed during low tide are affected greatly by

A

Spring tide

83
Q

Movement of water during tidal changes

A

Significant mixing

84
Q

Tidal are not tidal in nature but the result of

A

Extreme tectonic activity

85
Q

Tsunamis are preceded

A

By acknowledged of water that appears as an extreme low tide

86
Q

Recent tsunamis in

A

Indian Ocean and off coast of Japan

87
Q

Comprises 85% of seawater

A

Sodium chloride

88
Q

Rapid change in temperature with increasing depth

A

Thermocline

89
Q

What does Secchi disk measure

A

Transparency and how much light penetrates

90
Q

Place in water column where most intense part of water transport occurs due to waves and currents

A

Surface

91
Q

Winds are driven by

A

Temperature

92
Q

Causes deep surfCe currents to move 90 degrees in the northern hemisphere

A

Eichman spiral

93
Q

Where does wind move in northern hemisphere

A

Down

94
Q

What does tsunami result from

A

Wave reinforcement

95
Q

Minimal tide range is caused by

A

Neap tide

96
Q

What is the only substance that naturally occurs in three states

A

Water

97
Q

Water is capable for transporting large amounts of …. Due to heat

A

Energy, capacity

98
Q

Water is called the……because it can dissolve so many things

A

Universal

99
Q

Salts are composed of oppositely charged particles called

A

Ions

100
Q

Density is determined by

A

Salinity and temperature

101
Q

What light penetrates the deepest

A

Blue

102
Q

What does the colioris affect do

A

Deflects all large scale motions on earth’s surface

103
Q

Gyres

A

Major surface currents that form large circular systems

104
Q

Tides are influence by

A

Location and body features like depth and shale of basin of water

Marine Biology (16 decks)

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