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Marine Biology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Algae are not plants because

A

They do not have same advanced structures like root, stem, and leaves

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2
Q

Why do the structures of the thallus lack that plants have

A

Advanced conducting tissues

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3
Q

Pneumatocysts

A

Gas filled bladders used to keep blades near water surface for light for photosynthesis

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4
Q

Green algae phylum…. Mostly because only % are marine

A

Chlorphyta freshwater, 10%

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5
Q

Brown Algae phylum, largest of the …..

A

Phaeophyta , marine

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6
Q

Red algae phylum, has the most…., most are …

A

Rhodophyta , species, filamentous

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7
Q

Brown algae is masked by

A

Fucoxanthins

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8
Q

Red algae is masked by

A

Phycobilins

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9
Q

Like plants, algae exhibit a life history marked by

A

Alteration of generations like butterfly

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10
Q

Gametophyte stage

A

Produces gametes that fuse to become zygote

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11
Q

Zygote develops into second stage called

A

Sporophyte hat produces spores

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12
Q

Spores develop into

A

Gametophyte stage

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13
Q

Algae can reproduce asexually by

A

Vegetative growth

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14
Q

Algin is an extract of….. Used as an

A

Brown algae , emulsifier in dairy products

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15
Q

Carrageenan is harvested from

A

Red algae, used as a thickening agent

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16
Q

Agar is an extract from

A

Red algae, culture microbes in health industry , thickener, filler and protect canned foods

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17
Q

How many species of green algae and how many marine, thought to be ancestor of….

A

7000,1000

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18
Q

What size is green algae and what is it sometimes made of, store excess energy as…., what is in cell wall

A

Micro-macro, coralline (calcium carbonate halimeda), starch, cellulose

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19
Q

How many species of brown algae and how many marine, sizes, what water do they prefer , examples

A

1500, most marine, some microscopic to 300+ feet , shallow cold, kelp sargassum fucus

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20
Q

Giant kelp can be …of feet in length , the kelp… Provides habitat for species ,

A

100’s , forest

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21
Q

Kelp forests are among he most……marine habitats

A

Productive

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22
Q

Where is sargassum found

A

Atlantic between North America and Europe as well as the Gulf of Mexico

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23
Q

What are massive floating mats of sargassum called

A

Sargasso Sea

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24
Q

Red algae how many species how many marine, what water do they like?, some are….,

A

4000 mostly marine, deep cold or shallow warm depending on species, corraline (corralina)

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25
Q

What are true plants, how many species

A

Angiosperms , over 250,000

26
Q

Are most angiosperms marines and if they are they must what

A

No; have mechanisms for dealing with salinity

27
Q

Sea grasses about … Species exits in temperate and tropical; flowers are; how is pollen and seeds carried ?

A

60 , small and inconspicuous , water currents or in feces

28
Q

Sea grasses have.. Growth and provide… To many organisms

A

Rapid , food

29
Q

Sea grasses provide habitat through, what is the most widely distributed

A

Sea grass beds, eelgrass in shallow water bays and estuaries

30
Q

About species of mangroves exist only in tropical and subtropical areas , they cannot withstand… Temperatures

A

80, freezing

31
Q

They can only tolerate partial…. , they are a thick network of …. That are exposed at … Tide

A

Salt water submergence , prop roots, low

32
Q

Seeds of mangroves germinate while……. And develop into elongated seedlings up to ….. Before falling from parent tree

A

Still attached to parent, 1 foot,

33
Q

Mangrove forests are called and can be thought of as tropical equivalent to….

A

Mangals, salt marshes

34
Q

Mangroves lie between

A

25n and 25s

35
Q

Where are mangroves rooted near

A

Intertidal zone

36
Q

Mangrove community can be divided into habitats such as

A

Above water forest habitat, interiors all swamp habitat, submerged sub tidal habitat

37
Q

4 of up to …-…. Species worldwide along with… Species of flowering terrestrial

A

50-100, 60

38
Q

Zonation of species corresponds to , they have physiological adaption to ?

A

Sea level, extrude or exclude salt

39
Q

Four species can occur in…

A

Mixed stands

40
Q

Or they can occur in differentiated zones based on

A

Tidal influence
Level of salinity
Type of substrate

41
Q

Typically occur in dense stands with little or no….

A

Understory

42
Q

Root system of mangrove consists of , what two things does this allow them

A

Aerial roots and prop roots that intertwine over muddy substrate
Increased stability to wave action
Obtain oxygen from air as opposed to substrate

43
Q

Many species are …. When it comes to birth

A

Viviparous

44
Q

Roots for red, black and white

A

Prop and drop, peg roots, snorkel roots (pneumatophores)

45
Q

Ecology of shoreline

A

Stabilize soil, coastline protection, water quality, food web, refuge

46
Q

Generic term for seaweed

A

Macro algae

47
Q

Spartina marsh plants are

A

Plants bordering shallow bays and tidal creeks

48
Q

Cordgrass, spartina is the predominant ?

A

Salt marsh plant in grass family

49
Q

When is spartina exposed to saltwater

A

High tide

50
Q

Spartina is extremely important as a habitat to?

A

Young marine animals such as invertebrate and fish

51
Q

Very little spartina is directly consumed by?….. What is it importance

A

Herbivores, primary produce that when plants die back in winter no bacteria and fungus break down leaves to detritus

52
Q

Spartina posses salt glands to help deal with

A

Excess salt

53
Q

Other halophytes ??? Exist in areas of

A

Salt tolerant plants, elevation than spartina

54
Q

Red mangroves dominate the, reach heights of, what color wood, leaves, propagates are how long

A

Middle and lower portion of the intertidal zone, 25 cm., dark red, shiny, waxy, deep green above and pale underneath, 30 cm

55
Q

What kind of roots do red mangroves have

A

Prop roots

56
Q

Black mangroves predominate, reach heights of, what color bark, propagates

A

Upper intertidal into irregularly flooded higher elevation “high swamp”, 20m, dark brown, leaves, narrow shiny green above and gray below encrusted with salt, Lima bean shape 2.5 cm

57
Q

Roots of black mangrove

A

Cable roots that radiate out of trunk and send up pneumatophores “snorkel roots”

58
Q

White mangroves predominate, height, bark, leaves, propagules

A

Irregularly flooded higher elevation also found in intertidal zone, 15m, gray brown, round oval and nectaries salt glands at apex , small and pear shaped 1cm

59
Q

White mangrove roots

A

Lack prop and pneumatophores , peg roots

60
Q

Buttonwood height, leaves , what forms seeds

A

18 m , erectus: green with little or no hairs sericus: silver with darker underside felt like, fruit not propagules

Marine Biology (16 decks)

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