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Sociology A2 > Crime And Deviance Key Words > Flashcards

Crime And Deviance Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

Atrophy

A

Breaking apart slowly

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2
Q

British crime survey

A

A victim survey conducted annually by a team of researchers at the home office.
Measures the amount of crime in England and Wales by asking people about crimes they have experienced in the past year

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3
Q

Capitalist society

A

An economic system where the production of goods is organised for profit and sold to a free market

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4
Q

Agent of social control

A

Individual or group that is responsible for ensuring members of society conform to socially accepted behaviour

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5
Q

Chivalry thesis

A

The criminal justice system may be more lenient to woman

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6
Q

Collective conscience

A

A term used by Durkheim to describe the core shared values of society

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7
Q

Corporate crime

A

Crimes committed on behalf of and for the benefit of the organisation

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8
Q

Collective deviance

A

Deviant behaviour of a group

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9
Q

Crime

A

Behaviour that breaks the law

Can also be deviant

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10
Q

Delinquency

A

The criminal behaviour of people

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11
Q

Dark figure of crime

A

A large amount of criminal activity never appears on crime statistics

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12
Q

Deviance

A

An action that goes against the norms and values of society

Can also be a crime

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13
Q

Anomie

A

A state of normlessness, where norms no longer direct behaviour

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14
Q

Deviant career

A

The various stages that a person goes through on their way to being seen as and seeing themselves as, deviant

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15
Q

Dominant ideology

A

The mainstream set of beliefs that are held by society on which people set as the standard

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16
Q

Deviance amplification

A

Deviance is increased by societal reaction

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17
Q

Formal methods of social control

A

Institutions set up to enforce social control, especially those that set up and enforce the law
Police, army

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18
Q

Folk devil

A

A person or group seen as trouble makers by the media

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20
Q

Hegemony

A

The norms and values of the ruling class which dominate thinking in society

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21
Q

Individual deviance

A

The deviant behaviour of an individual

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22
Q

Informal methods of social control

A

Institutions and groups that are but directly concerned with enforcing social control but play an important part in controlling the behaviour of others
School, family

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23
Q

Immediate gratification

A

Wanting rewards immediately

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24
Q

Green crime

A

Crime against the environment

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25
Q

Master status

A

People are looked at by others solely on the basis of one type of act (good or bad) they have committed
All other aspects of that person are ignored

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26
Q

Illegitimate opportunity structure

A

A structure which provides illegal opportunities for monetary gain

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27
Q

Moral crusade

A

The process of creating or enforcing a rule

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28
Q

Institutional racism

A

Racism that is built in to the normal practises of an organisation

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29
Q

Marginalised

A

Those who are pushed to the edge, or margins, of society in cultural, economic or status terms

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30
Q

Moral panic

A

Outrage stirred up by the media about a particular group or issue

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31
Q

Multi agency intervention

A

A number of agencies cooperating to focus on the solution to a social problem

32
Q

Occupational crime

A

Crimes committed by employees at the expense of the business

33
Q

Moral entrepreneur

A

Person or group which tries to create or enforce a rule

34
Q

Open/public deviance

A

Deviance committed in public which is not concealed from wider society

35
Q

Police recorded crime

A

Crimes recorded by the police from which official statistics on crime are drawn

36
Q

Non-utilitarian crime

A

Crime that is not committed to gain money, eg vandalism, graffiti

37
Q

Night time economy

A

A leisure industry has developed at nights in certain parts of the inner cities, providing the location of many offenders

40
Q

Repeat victimisation

A

People are victims of the same crime more than once

41
Q

Relative deprivation

A

The way so called deprivation is seen or perceived by those experiencing it. This is usually done by comparing their situation to others

42
Q

Recorded crime

A

Crime that is recorded by the police

Not all reported crime is recorded

43
Q

Prosecution

A

Conduct of legal proceedings against a defendant of criminal behaviour

44
Q

Peer group pressure

A

A group of a persons own age who are important to them and often influence then to behave in a particular way

45
Q

Self report study

A

A survey in which respondents report on the offences they have committed over a period of time

46
Q

Reported crime

A

Crime that is reported to the police

Not all crime is reported

47
Q

Situational deviance

A

Behaviour which may be seen as deviant in one situation but not in another

48
Q

Social control

A

Methods of controlling people’s behaviour, encouraging them to conform to societies norms and values and discourage deviant and criminal behaviour

49
Q

Scapegoat

A

Groups in society (usually relatively powerless) who are blamed by the powerful for the problems of society, thus drawing attention away fir the real cause of crime

50
Q

State crime

A

Crimes committed by or on behalf of the state

51
Q

Secret/private deviance

A

Deviance conducted in private which is often conceded from wider society

52
Q

Social cohesion

A

The extent to which a society is held together by shared culture and norms

53
Q

Primary deviance

A

The act if deviance itself

54
Q

Secondary deviance

A

The response to an act of deviance and what it causes

- Inuits

55
Q

Status frustration

A

Dissatisfaction and frustration with the status and respect given by others

56
Q

Stigmatised

A

Labelled in a negative way

57
Q

Subculture

A

Distinctive norms and values shared by a group in society that differ from the values of mainstream society

58
Q

Societal deviance

A

Behaviour which is seen as deviant by most members if society

58
Q

Subterranean values

A

Values which are only expressed in particular situations

58
Q

Social integration

A

The extent to which people feel they belong to a society or social group

58
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

A theory derived from social psychology which argues that people exist in a social world based on symbols that people interpret and respond to

59
Q

Target hardening

A

Reducing the physical opportunities for crime by gardening the targets of crime, eg more secure buildings

60
Q

Techniques of neutralisation

A

Techniques which neutralise the blame for actions which are defined as wrong or unacceptable by society’s norms and values

61
Q

Transnational crime

A

Crimes that cross national borders

62
Q

Transnational organised crime

A

Transnational crime that involves an organised group

63
Q

Victim study/survey

A

A study of the victims of crime, usually asking people to report the crimes that have been committed against them, or any other member of the household I’m the previous year

63
Q

Tipping

A

An area goes from generally law abiding to accepting antisocial behaviour

64
Q

White collar crime

A

Crimes committed by someone while at work, often against the company, eg stealing

65
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy

A

When someone is labelled as deviant or criminal they the become deviant or criminal

66
Q

Altruistic suicide

A

Suicide that occurs when an individual is so strongly integrated into society they take their own life out of a sense of duty

67
Q

Fatalistic suicide

A

Suicide that occurs when individuals are so strongly regulated that they can see no way out of their situation other than suicide

68
Q

Egoistic suicide

A

Suicide that occurs when there is little integration in society, when the ties that bind individuals into social groups are very weak

69
Q

Anomie suicide

A

Suicide that results from a lack of regulation of people’s desires and expectations

70
Q

Institutional racism

A

Racism that is built into the normal practices of an organisation

71
Q

Macpherson inquiry

A

Sir William Macpherson led an inquiry into the events surrounding the murder of Stephen Lawrence by white racists, and the subsequent
police investigation that followed

72
Q

Cyber crime

A

Illegal acts using the internet

73
Q

Genocide

A

Mass killing

Sociology A2 (11 decks)

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