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Elsevier Hematology (RVSP) > 4. Laboratory Considerations > Flashcards

4. Laboratory Considerations Flashcards

1
Q

Polychrome stains used to stain slides of peripheral blood and bone marrow

A

Wright or Wright-Giemsa (Romanowsky-type stains)

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2
Q

Fixative in Wright-Giemsa

A

Methanol

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3
Q

Cellular components stained by eosin

A

Basic elements:

  • Hgb
  • basic proteins
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4
Q

Cellular components stained by methylene blue

A

Acidic elements:

  • cell nuclei
  • immature cell cytoplasm
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5
Q

Counting chamber used for manual cell counting

A

Hemacytometer

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6
Q

Area of 1 square (out of 9 squares) of a hemacytometer

A

1 mm^2

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7
Q

Total volume accomodated by a hemacytometer

A

0.9 mm^3

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8
Q

Total area of a hemacytometer

A

9 mm^3

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9
Q

Volume of packed RBCs occupying a specific volume of whole blood

A

Hematocrit (Hct)

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10
Q

Hct is expressed in

A
  • percentage

- liters per liter

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11
Q

Sample of blood used for retic counting

A

EDTA whole blood

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12
Q

Type of stain used in retic counting

A

Supravital stain

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13
Q

Stain used in retic counting

A

New methylene blue

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14
Q

Cellular constituents that take up the supravital stain

A
  • RNA

- residual organelles

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15
Q

Ocular used in retic counting

A

Miller ocular

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16
Q

What is thprinciple used in sickle cell testing?

A

Difference of solubility properties of various Hgb

17
Q

Hgb seen in sickle cell disease

A

Hgb S

18
Q

Reagents used in sickle cell testing

A
  • lysing agent

- dithionite solution (reducing agent)

19
Q

Positive reaction in sickle cell testing

A

Precipitation/cloudy

20
Q

More definitive tests for sickle cell testing

A
  • Hgb electrophoresis
  • HPLC
  • Isoelectric focusing
21
Q

Screening test for screening/monitoring various inflammatory states

A

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

22
Q

Manual methods for determining ESR

A

Westergen

Wintrobe

23
Q

2 principles used in cell counters

A

Impedance

Optical

24
Q

Cell counter principle based on changes in electrical charge as cells (have low conductivity) move through an electrically conductive fluid to determine cell count

A

Impedance

25
Q

The number of pulses in impedance counters corresponds to

A

Cell count

26
Q

The pulse size in impedance counters correspond to

A

Cell size

27
Q

Cell counter principle where it uses light scatter to determine the size and complexity of cells present as a single cell moves through a focused light source

A

Optical counts

28
Q

Reagent used in Hgb measurement

A

Cyanmethemoglobin

29
Q

Usual collection site for bone marrow samples

A

Posterior superior iliac crest

30
Q

Bone marrow sample used to assess morphology and perform a diff count and M:E ratio

A

Aspirate

31
Q

Normal range for M:E ratio

A

2:1 to 4:1

32
Q

Bone marrow sample used to determine bone marrow cellularity

A

Core biopsy

33
Q

An automated method of sorting cells

A

Flow cytometry

34
Q

Factors that cause normal ranges to vary

A
  • Age
  • Gender
  • Population
  • Geographic distribution
35
Q

Used in flow cytometry to determine cell size

A

Forward scatter

36
Q

Used in flow cytometry to determine complexity of a cell

A

Side scatter

37
Q

Electronic boundaries in flow cytometry to separate a specific population of interest

A

Gating

38
Q

Flow cytometry; cell in suspension move through sheath fluid in a single-file line, allowing each to individually pass through a laser light

A

Hydrodynamic focusing

Elsevier Hematology (RVSP) (12 decks)

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