Joints of UE

Question 1

What’s important about the transverse humeral ligament (of the glenohumeral joint)

Answer 1

Spans greater and lesser tubercles of humerus to hold the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii m. in place

Question 2

What does the glenohumeral ligament connect?

Answer 2

Supraglenoid tubercle to lesser tubercle of humerus

Question 3

What is the glenoid labrum (of the glenohumeral joint) and what’s its function?

Answer 3

Fibrocartilaginous ligament surrounding the glenoid cavity that deepens the socket

Question 4

What is the function of the bursae?

Answer 4

Allow greater ease of movement (mm. slide back and forth)

Question 5

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular (AC) joint?

What are 3 important parts of it?

Answer 5

• Synovial planar joint

- Joint capsule; AC ligament; caracoclavicular ligaments

Question 6

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 6

Multiaxial, synovial, ball-and-socket joint

Question 7

The coracohumeral ligament is part of what joint?

Answer 7

Glenohumeral joint

Question 8

What is “frozen shoulder”?

Answer 8

Tightening of the shoulder ligaments leads to difficult abducting shoulder greater than 90 degrees. Tx: PT, but resolves itself after about 2 years.

Question 9

What type of joint is the humero-ulnar joint?

Answer 9

Uniaxial, synovial, hinge joint

Question 10

What type of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

Answer 10

Uniaxial, synovial, pivot joint

Question 11

What where is the annular ligament and what is its function?

Answer 11

• Surrounds radial head and radial notch of ulna.

- Keeps head of radius in notch; permits pronation and supination (recall: radius flips while ulna is in place)

Question 12

What type of joint is the interosseous membrane?

Answer 12

Fibrous joint (syndesmosis)

Question 13

What type of joint is the distal radio-ulnar joint?

Answer 13

Uniaxial, synovial joint

Question 14

Describe the radio-carpal joint.

Answer 14

Biaxial, synovial, ellipsoid

Question 15

What sits on the distal end of the ulna and why?

Answer 15

An articular disc–covers ulna so ulna itself doesn’t articular w/wrist bone (only radius articulates w/wrist, only ulna w/humerus)

Question 16

What are the articulations of the ulnar collateral ligament?

Answer 16

Medial epicondyle to coronoid process (it’s a triangular ligament w/distinct bands)

Question 17

What are the articulations of the radial collateral ligament?

Answer 17

Lateral epicondyle to radial notch of ulna and annular ligament (posterior stability; weak)

Question 18

What type of joint are intercarpal joints and what movements do they permit?

Answer 18

Synovial plane joints, permit minor sliding/gliding (bones are joined by various ligaments)

Question 19

What type of joint are carpometacarpal joints?

Answer 19

Plane, synovial (except thumb) that allow gliding

Question 20

What type of joint is the trapeziometacarpal joint (TMC) and what movements does it allow?

Answer 20

Biaxial saddle joint, allowing flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and opposition of thumb

Question 21

What type of joint are metacarpophalangeal joints?

Answer 21

Biaxial, condyloid synovial joints

Question 22

What type of joints are interphalangeal joints and what movements do they allow?

Answer 22

Uniaxial synovial joints, allow flexion and extension only