4.3 Flashcards
(40 cards)
Which of the following is more likely to result from poor absorption than from inadequate nutritional intake in older adults?
folic acid deficiency
iron deficiency
vitamin B12 deficiency
) lead deficiency
vitamin B12 deficiency
What is the normal bone marrow cellularity in the population older than 65 years?
90%
70%
50%
30%
30%
Why is there a relative lymphocytosis in a 2-year-old?
An absolute neutropenia occurs.
• The absolute number of lymphocytes is increased as the immune system develops.
A greater proportion of neutrophils are marginated.
Fewer lymphocytes are marginated.
The absolute number of lymphocytes is increased as the immune system develops.
All of the following are normal peripheral blood RBC findings at birth in a full-term infant except
nucleated RBCs
Mean cell volume (MCV) less than 90 fL
reticulocytosis of 5%
hemoglobin of 20.2 g/dL
Mean cell volume (MCV) less than 90 fL
Which of the following age groups normally has the lowest mean red cell values (red cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit)?
preterm premature
full-term newborn
normal 2-year-old child
normal 30-year-old woman
preterm premature
Iron deficiency anemia in older adults is most often a result of
poor nutritional intake of iron. malabsorption of iron.
decreased ability to transport iron because of a decrease in transferrin.
bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
A normal 3-month-old boy has a hemoglobin of 11.2 g/dL. Which of the following is true about his hemoglobin? It is
• higher than that of a normal full-term newborn.
lower than that of an adult of the same age.
higher than that of a 14 year old of the same sex.
• the same as that of an adult of the same sex.
higher than that of a normal full-term newborn.
What is the most likely reason that the red blood cell (RBC) count remains elevated in a newborn for the first 2 weeks of life?
A relative loss of plasma occurs during the birth process.
) A significantly longer RBC life span increases the number of red cells in circulation.
Partial anoxia exists in utero, and erythropoietin increases.
The switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin causes the number of red cells to increase.
Partial anoxia exists in utero, and erythropoietin increases.
Why is the white count in a normal full-term newborn elevated shortly after birth?
A relative loss of plasma occurs.
• An absolute increase in neutrophils occurs.
• An absolute increase in lymphocytes occurs.
An absolute increase in both neutrophils and lymphocytes occurs.
• An absolute increase in neutrophils occurs.
Which of the following is true concerning age-related changes of hemostasis in older adults?
decreased factor VIII
decreased platelet activity
increased fibrinogen
increased fibrinolysis
increased fibrinogen
A Complete blood count (CBC) is requested on a full-term newborn girl, and the following results are obtained:
RBCs
5.07 × 1012/L
Hemoglobin
14.4
Hematocrit
44.5%
MCV
88 fL
White blood cells (WBCs)
26.8 × 10%/L
Platelets
295x 109/L
What conclusion can be made regarding these data for thislinfant?
All results are normal.
The white count is elevated.
Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCV are all decreased.
Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCV are all decreased.
What is the most likely reason that the red blood cell (RBC) count remains elevated in a newborn for the first 2 weeks of life?
•A relative loss of plasma occurs during the birth process.
•A significantly longer RBC life span increases the number of red cells in circulation.
) Partial anoxia exists in utero, and erythropoietin increases.
•The switch from fetal to adult hemoglobin causes the number of red cells to increase.
Partial anoxia exists in utero, and erythropoietin increases.
Which of the following is true concerning age-related changes of hemostasis in older adults?
decreased factor VIII
decreased platelet activity
• increased fibrinogen
increased fibrinolysis
• increased fibrinogen
Iron deficiency anemia in older adults is most often a result of
poor nutritional intake of iron.
malabsorption of iron.
decreased ability to transport iron because of a decrease in transferrin.
bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
A normal 3-month-old boy has a hemoglobin of 11.2 g/dL. Which of the following is true about his hemoglobin? It is
higher than that of a normal full-term newborn.
• lower than that of an adult of the same age.
higher than that of a 14 year old of the same sex.
the same as that of an adult of the same sex.
lower than that of an adult of the same age.
An 85-year-old woman has a hemoglobin of 10.5 g/dL. This is
) high for a woman of this age.
normal for this age regardless of sex (i.e., for both male and female patients).
a sign of an underlying disease and requires further evaluation.
most likely a myelophthisic anemia.
a sign of an underlying disease and requires further evaluation.
At what age is it normal for bone marrow cellularity to be 80% to 90% (i.e., has very little fat)?
at birth
• in an 8-year-old
• in a 20 to 40-year-old
• in those older than 70 years
At birth
Which of the following age groups normally has the lowest mean red cell values (red cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit)?
preterm premature
full-term newborn
normal 2-year-old child
normal 30-year-old woman
preterm premature
Why is the white count in a normal full-term newborn elevated shortly after birth?
A relative loss of plasma occurs.
• An absolute increase in neutrophils occurs.
An absolute increase in lymphocytes occurs.
) An absolute increase in both neutrophils and lymphocytes occurs.
An absolute increase in neutrophils occurs.
Which of the following is most commonly seen in the population older than70 years?
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
chronic myelogenous leukemia
essential thrombocytosis
acute lymphocytic leukemia
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Which of the following would be a valid indication for performing a bone marrow aspiration?
iron deficiency
folate deficiency
unexpected pancytopenia
leukocytosis from a severe infection
unexpected pancytopenia
For which of the following is obtaining a bone marrow core biopsy mandatory?
Anemia is suspected.
Leukemia is suspected
Megakaryocyte disorders are suspected.
Aspirate is a dry tap.
Aspirate is a dry tap
The best use for bone marrow aspirate smears is
counting the differential.
determining overall cellularity. estimating fat-to-cell ratio.
evaluating for focal lesions such as lymphoma.
counting the differential.
What type of preparation is preferred for bone marrow aspirates?
coverslip smears from a bone marrow fragment called a spicule
wedge smears made from the blood surrounding marrow fragments
touch preps from rolling the biopsy on a glass slide
smears of the biopsy made with an automated slide maker
coverslip smears from a bone marrow fragment called a spicule
