43 slides

Question 1

What is a functional group?

Answer 1

Structural units defined by specific bonding arrangements between specific atoms

Functional groups determine how the molecule will react with other molecules.

Question 2

Why are functional groups important in organic chemistry?

Answer 2

They are where the chemistry happens; they determine the reactivity of the molecule.

Question 3

What is the carbon backbone in organic compounds?

Answer 3

The parts of a molecule that are not functional groups, providing structural scaffolding.

Question 4

Define alkanes.

Answer 4

Hydrocarbons with single bonds; saturated with other atoms.

Question 5

Define alkenes.

Answer 5

Hydrocarbons with double bonds; unsaturated.

Question 6

Define alkynes.

Answer 6

Hydrocarbons with triple bonds; unsaturated.

Question 7

What are arenes?

Answer 7

6-carbon ring compounds with alternating single and double bonds, also known as aromatics.

Question 8

What are alkyl halides?

Answer 8

Carbon structures with halogens attached; common in the lab but rare in nature.

Question 9

What happens during deprotonation?

Answer 9

The hydroxyl group loses a proton, causing a negative charge.

Question 10

What happens during protonation?

Answer 10

The hydroxyl group gains a proton, causing a positive charge.

Question 11

What is the IUPAC naming system?

Answer 11

A systematic method for naming chemical compounds developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.

Question 12

What is the general formula for linear or branched alkanes?

Answer 12

CnH2n+2

Question 13

What is the general formula for cycloalkanes?

Answer 13

CnH2n

Question 14

What is the suffix for alkenes?

Answer 14

-ene

Question 15

What is the suffix for alkynes?

Answer 15

-yne

Question 16

What are substituents in organic chemistry?

Answer 16

Branches or groups that ‘decorate’ the main carbon chain.

Question 17

How do you indicate multiple identical substituents in a name?

Answer 17

Use prefixes: di (2), tri (3), tetra (4), etc.

Question 18

What suffix identifies alcohols?

Answer 18

-ol

Question 19

What suffix identifies ketones?

Answer 19

-one

Question 20

What suffix identifies aldehydes?

Answer 20

-al

Question 21

What suffix identifies carboxylic acids?

Answer 21

-ic acid

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The longest carbon chain in a molecule is referred to as the _______.

Answer 22

root name

Question 23

What does the letter ‘R’ represent in organic structures?

Answer 23

A stand-in for part of the molecule’s structure.

Question 24

What is the purpose of using ‘breaks’ in molecular abbreviations?

Answer 24

To focus attention on one part of a large molecule and save time.

Question 25

True or False: Terminal functional groups are always found at the ends of carbon chains.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Name the common names for the following: ethanoic acid, 1,1,1-trichloromethane, and dimethylketone.

Answer 26

Acetic acid, chloroform, and acetone respectively.

Question 27

Identify the roles of functional groups and carbon skeletons.

Answer 27

Functional groups determine reactivity; carbon skeletons provide structure.

Question 28

What is the importance of drawing line-bond structures?

Answer 28

To visualize molecular structure and identify functional groups.

Question 29

What does 'R' represent in chemical structures?

Answer 29

'R' represents a generic alkyl group or substituent in chemical structures. ## Footnote It is often used to simplify the representation of complex molecules.

Question 30

Why are breaks used to abbreviate large, complicated structures?

Answer 30

Breaks are used to enhance clarity and focus on important parts of the structure. ## Footnote They help in visualizing critical functionalities and interactions within the molecule.

Question 31

When are breaks more appropriate than 'R' in chemical representations?

Answer 31

Breaks are more appropriate when emphasizing specific functional groups or when the structure is too complex for a single 'R' designation. ## Footnote This is particularly useful in reaction mechanisms.

Question 32

Fill in the blank: Breaks are used to represent _______ in large chemical structures.

Answer 32

[critical structures] ## Footnote This allows for a clearer depiction of the components involved in reactions.

Question 33

Explain how to abbreviate large molecules while showing critical structures involved in reactions.

Answer 33

Use breaks to isolate functional groups and key interactions, while using 'R' to denote less critical alkyl groups. ## Footnote This approach maintains the focus on the reactive parts of the molecule.