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Question 1

What is deprotonation?

Answer 1

When the hydroxyl group of an alcohol, phenol, or thiol loses a proton

This process results in the formation of an alkoxide ion.

Question 2

What is protonation?

Answer 2

When the hydroxyl group of an alcohol, phenol, or thiol gains a proton

This process can lead to the formation of an oxonium ion.

Question 3

Define the term ‘functional group’.

Answer 3

A specific group of atoms within a molecule that is responsible for characteristic chemical reactions

Functional groups determine the properties and reactions of organic compounds.

Question 4

What are primary alcohols?

Answer 4

Alcohols where the hydroxyl group is attached to a carbon that is only connected to one other carbon

These typically have the general formula R-CH2OH.

Question 5

List the first five alkanes.

Answer 5

• Methane
• Ethane
• Propane
• Butane
• Pentane

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with only single bonds.

Question 6

What is the IUPAC naming system?

Answer 6

A systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds

It provides a unique name for every compound based on its structure.

Question 7

What is the suffix for alkanes?

Answer 7

-ane

This suffix indicates that the compound is an alkane with only single bonds.

Question 8

What are cycloalkanes?

Answer 8

Alkanes that form ring structures instead of linear chains

Cycloalkanes are named with the prefix ‘cyclo’.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: Alkanes have _______ bonds only.

Answer 9

single

Alkanes do not contain double or triple bonds.

Question 10

What is the general formula for hexane?

Answer 10

C6H14

Hexane is a six-carbon alkane.

Question 11

What is dichloromethane commonly used for?

Answer 11

As a solvent

It was once used to decaffeinate coffee.

Question 12

How do you denote a cycloalkane with three carbons?

Answer 12

Cyclopropane

Cyclopropane is a three-membered ring alkane.

Question 13

True or False: Cycloalkanes can contain multiple bonds.

Answer 13

False

Cycloalkanes only have single bonds.

Question 14

What is the significance of functional groups in organic chemistry?

Answer 14

They determine the chemical behavior and properties of molecules

Different functional groups can lead to vastly different chemical reactions.

Question 15

Identify the functional group in alcohols.

Answer 15

Hydroxyl group (-OH)

This functional group is responsible for the properties of alcohols.

Question 16

Name the functional group present in thiols.

Answer 16

Thiol group (-SH)

Thiols are similar to alcohols but contain sulfur.

Question 17

What is the prefix used for ring structures in alkanes?

Answer 17

‘cyclo’

This prefix indicates that the compound has a cyclic structure.