Chapter 8 - Age Of Exploration Flashcards
What were heathens?
Heathens were people who worshiped false gods.
Why did countries want to build empires?
Countries wanted to build empires because owning foreign lands was a sign of wealth.
What was the Great Silk Road?
A route to get from Europe to Asia on land. It was a long journey and increasingly dangerous with the growth of the Turkish Empire who raided their caravans.
What is a caravel?
A type of ship built for Atlantic waves and small Mediterranean bays. They had lateen sails (bays and harbours) and a clinker-built hull (overlapping planks for strength).
What tools were invented for navigation?
Compass: helps calculate direction. The magnetic needle always points north in the Northern Hemisphere and south in the Southern Hemisphere.
Astrolabe: Found their latitude by pointing it at the sun.
Quadrant: Found their latitude by pointing at the North Star.
What were Portolan Charts?
Early navigational maps of the sea. Recorded the shape of the coastlines and no the depth of water in some places.
What was Log, Line and Knots?
How sailors worked out their speed and distance travelled. A rope (line), which had log tied to it, was thrown overboard. The line had a number of knots tied to it. The sailor counted how long it took for the knots to go through his hands. This is why boat speed is still calculated in knots.
Who was Henry the Navigator?
Prince of Portugal, who set up a sailing school in Sagres. He realised Portugal would become very rich if they found a New Sea Route to India.
Who was Bartholomew Diaz?
Reached the Cape of Africa in 1487. Named the Cap of Africa ‘The Cape of Storms’ but it was later changed to ‘The Cape Of Good Hope’.
What was ‘The Treaty of Tordesillas’?
In 1494, a treaty was made between Spain and Portugal that, any land found on the left of a line they drew on a map belonged to Spain, and any land found on the right belonged to Portugal.
Who was Vasco de Gama?
De Gama was the first Sailor to reach India by going around Africa. Portugal now was the richest country in Europe, with a very powerful empire.
Who was Hernando Córtes?
He was Spanish Conquerer who was born in Spain in 1485.
What did Córtes do?
Cotés left Spain in 1519 to conquer The Aztec Empire. He Aztecs though he was one of their gods ‘Quetzacoatl’. He was welcomed by their King Montezuma, but his men stole from the Aztecs. The Aztecs drove out the Spanish in 1519, but they returned with other natives and destroyed Tenochtitlan and the Aztec civilisation.
Who was Francisco Pizarro?
He conquered the Inca Empire in Peru. He did this with only 180 men.
What were the results of the Age of Exploration?
- Europe became very wealthy
- Tobacco, chocolate and potato were introduced to Europe.
- Many people migrated to colonies in Discovered Lands.
- Native Civilisations were destroyed and natives were inslaved.
- Europeans transported Africans to America to work as slaves.
- Natives died from European diseases such as the measles.
- Christianity was spread.
- European languages replaced native ones.
- Horses and Cattle were introduced to the New World.
