Midterm pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

one who believes the U.S. Constitution should be interpreted narrowly and literally.

A

Strict Constructionist

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2
Q

the presidential claim that the executive branch may withhold information from the Congress or its committees and the courts to preserve confidential communications within the executive branch or to secure the national interest.

A

executive privlege

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3
Q

Who created the power elite theory?

A

C. Wright Mills

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4
Q

What is the power elite theory, and when was it created?

A

the concept that the country was ruled by a small group of leaders, that come from all walks of life

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5
Q

a term that includes top Presidential staff agencies which provide advice in a variety of administrative areas.

A

The Executive Office of the President

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6
Q

What is the public policy making process?

A
  1. agenda-setting
  2. decision-making
  3. implementation
  4. evalution
  5. feedbaack to new agenda
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7
Q

Who created the idea of incrementalism?

A

Charles E. Lindblom

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8
Q

What is incrementalism and what are the benefits of it?

A

the idea that policy makers aren’t risk takers therefore create shuttle changes.

A benefit is that it minimizes rick and is easier.

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9
Q

How many cabinets are in the Federal corporation?

A

15

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10
Q

The heads of cabinets are known as __________

A

secretaries

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11
Q

the government accountability has __________ oversight.

A

financial

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12
Q

What is the Third sector?

A

non profit foundations

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13
Q

Who created the Third Sector and why?

A

Ronald Reagan, because he preferred smaller governments

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14
Q

What are the three characteristics of privatization?

A
  1. Selling Government Assets
  2. Financing Public Facilities
  3. Private Provision of Services
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15
Q

What are the pros and cons of privatization?

A

Pros: potential payoff in efficiency and productivity.

Cons:

  1. Using faith-based, charitable organizations to provide social services—which raise the issue of the separation of church and state.
  2. might lead to abuse and misuse of tax payer money.
  3. Use of privatization in the military
  4. Increasing pressures on the non-pro?it sector to provide federally mandated public services .
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16
Q

What is the difference between philanthropy and charity?

A

Philanthropy giving to a cause

Charity providing direct benefit,and momentary mercy

17
Q

List the types of federalism in order and explain each one.

A
  1. dual federalism: separate government no longer exists
  2. cooperative federalism: collaborative relationships
  3. creative federalism: federal bypassed states and gave grants to local governments
  4. new federalism: attempted to return states’ autonomy, yet retained strong central government
  5. New, New Federalism: an attempt at revenue sharing
18
Q

Who embodied dual federalism?

A

Adam Smith

19
Q

Who embodied cooperative federlaism?

A

John Maynarkeen

20
Q

Who embodied creative federalism?

A

Lindon Johnson

21
Q

Who embodied new federalism?

A

Richard Nixon

22
Q

Who embodied new new federalism?

A

Ronald Reagan

23
Q

Who created the pump-priming theory?

A

John Maynarkeen

24
Q

What is the pump-primping theory, and at what stage of federalism did this occur?

A

government spending to simulate an economy during a time of economic decline.

This happened during the cooperative federalism

25
Q

Who created the marble cake federalism analogy, and what is it about?

A

Martin Grodzin.

It’s about intergovernmental relationships

26
Q

What is picket fence federalism?

A

bureaucratic specialists interact constanly w/ each other, at all govt. and occupational levels.

They are pickets. Whereas elected officials (the bosses) come and go, and are the vertical slarts in the picket fence

27
Q

Standards of Conduct vs. Code of Ethics

A

Standards of Conduct:

  • created by government
  • very specific
  • applicable to bureaucrats
  • often enforced
  • legal penalties for violation

Code of Ethics:

  • created by professional societies
  • generally general
  • applicable to members of a profession
  • seldom enforced
  • professional sanctions must apply
28
Q

What is the Dirty Hand Dilemma?

A

the wrongful ACT done for public good

29
Q

What are the four levels of ethics?

A
  1. Personal Morality-the basic sense of right and wrong
  2. Social Ethics-oblige members of a given society to act in ways that both protect individuals and further the progress of the group as a whole
  3. Organizational Ethics-an environment or culture that includes both formal and informal tules of ethical conduct
  4. Professional Ethics-set of professional norms and rules that obligate them to act in a certain “professional” way
30
Q

Who created the theory of scientific management?

A

Fredrick Taylor

31
Q

Scietiifc management is about _____ and _______.

A

time

motion

32
Q

When scientific management was created teh country was moving from __________ to _______ way.

A

agricultural

factory

33
Q

Who believed there was “one best way” to get something done?

A

Fredrick W. Taylor