Midterm pt. 3

Question 1

List the theories of organizations in order (oldest and newest).

Answer 1

1. classical theory
2. neoclassical theory
3. modern structural theory
4. systems theory

Question 2

Who is identified with theories under the classical theory?

Answer 2

1. Adam Smith- classical organizational theory
2. Fredrick Taylor- scientific management
3. Henry Fayol- general theory of management
4. Luther Gulick- the period of orthodoxy
5. Max Weber- Theory of bureacracy

Question 3

Who is identified with theories under neoclassical theory?

Answer 3

1. herbert simon- bounded rationality

2. philip selznick- influence of sociology

Question 4

Who is identified with theories under modern structural theory?

Answer 4

1. Lee Bolman & Terrance Deal- basic assumptions of modern structual school
2. Thomas Burn & G.M. Stalker- identified two types of organizations that exist

Question 5

What is the Invisible hand theory, and who created it?

Answer 5

The invisible hand theory-the market doesn’t need government oversight and regulation, to dictate what the price of an item is going to be.

Adam Smith

Question 6

What is force multiplication?

Answer 6

The benefit that we get from the specialization of labor

Increased production

Question 7

Explain Henry Fayol’s General Theory of Management.

Answer 7

Developed the principles for: production of goods and services; commerce and finance; accounting, managerial coordination and control, security, equity, scalar chains, and esprit de corps.

He argued that these principles applied to all organizations.

Question 8

What is bounded rationality, and who created it?

Answer 8

the idea that when individuals make decisions, their rationality is limited by the information they have, the cognitive limitations of their minds, and the time available to make the decision.

Herbert Simon

Question 9

Who created the butterfly effect?

Answer 9

James Gleick

Question 10

What is Miles Law, and who created it?

Answer 10

Where you stand depends on where you sits.

Rufus E. Miles Jr.

Question 11

What is Max WEber’s ideal type of bureaucracy?

Answer 11

described rationally, conservatism, protestant ethic, a value-free approach to work, and need for a “charismatic leader”

Question 12

What is Theory X and Theory Y?

Answer 12

Theory X, an authoritarian manager who believes that workers are lazy and need to constantly be told what to do

Theory Y, a manager who believes employees are good hard working

Question 13

List the major theories of motivation.

Answer 13

1. Hawthorne Studies
2. Needs Hierarchy
3. Motivation-Hygiene
4. Theory X & Theory Y

Question 14

What are the Hawthorne Studies?

Answer 14

The results of these experiments work showed that workplaces are social situations: workers are motivated by peer pressure, attention by leaders, and other complex factors unrelated to remuneration

The placebo effect.

Question 15

List the needs hierarchy from bottom to top.

Answer 15

Survival Needs
Social Needs
Self-Actualization

Question 16

Who created the idea of feminist perspective?

Answer 16

Joan Acker

Question 17

What is the feminist perspective in public administration?

Answer 17

The thought that long-standing male control of organizations has been accompanied and maintained by male perspectives of organization theory. Thus it has been mainly through male lenses the we see and analyze organizations

Question 18

What are the four sets of gendered processes perpetuate this male reality of organizations?

Answer 18

1. Gender divisions that produce gender patterning of jobs
2. Creation of masculine organizational symbols and images
3. Interactions characterized by dominance and subordination
4. The internal and mental network of individuals as they consciously construct their understandings of the organization’s gender structure of work and opportunity and the demands for gender appropriate behaviors and attitudes

Question 19

_____ __________ pioneered the application of psychological findings from laboratory experiments to organizational behavior.

Answer 19

Hugo Munsterberg

Question 20

What is Organizational Behavior?

Answer 20

in the 1960’s a “humanistic” form of thinking about organizations grew and so did the belief that organizational growth and development would flow from employee creativity and prosperity

Question 21

Organizational behavior moved from a more __________-centered mode to a more ________-centered one

Answer 21

authoritarian

employee

Question 22

Who created group think and what is it?

Answer 22

Irving Janis, showed how strict adherence to groups norms lead to over-conformity and rigidity, and is a pathology of organizations.

Question 23

managerialism is also known as ___________ _________.

Answer 23

entrepreneurial manager

Question 24

How did the concept of managerialism come about?

Answer 24

The concept of “managerialism” or entrepreneurial management came about due to social awareness in the 1970’s and 80’s, that the work community was changing.

In this new system, managers and leaders were seen to be unleashing their creative abilities to develop and transform organizations.

Question 25

What year did managerialism come about?

Answer 25

the 1970’s and 1980’s

Question 26

What are the three components of managerialism?

Answer 26

1. reengineering
2. empowerment
3. entrepreneurialism

Question 27

What are the three steps in reengineering?

Answer 27

1. process mapping
2. customer assessment
3. process visioning

Question 28

What is empowerment

Answer 28

is about giving more power to individuals and workgroups. One way of doing the latter is via self-directed work groups

Question 29

What are the benefits of e-government?

Answer 29

benefits of e-government are cost reduction, quality improvement of services, and speed in delivery