Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GI System > Inflammatory Bowel Disease > Flashcards

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flashcards

(47 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?

A

Chronic relapsing inflammatory conditions of the bowel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do most cases of inflammatory conditions fall into?

A

A spectrum between Crohn’s Disease (CD) & Ulcerative Colitis (UC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When can UC affect someone and in what sex is it more prominent?

A

Any age

More common in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does UC present with?

A

Bloody diarrhoea
Abdominal pain
Weight loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is specific about the inflammation in UC?

A

It is continuous (only affecting the colon) and always start at the rectum and works it way distally from the rectum
Variable distribution and severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the cure for UC and what happens to the mucosa in UC?

A

Surgical removal

Mucosa goes from healthy to inflamed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What indicates a severe UC attack?

A 
Stools frequency >6 stools/day with blood
Fever
ESR is raised
Tachycardia
Anaemia
Albumin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cells are depleted in UC?

A

Goblet cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are there more crypt abscesses in UC or Crohn’s?

A

UC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When is Crohn’s most common in people and in what sex?

A

Early adulthood and over 60s

More common in females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of disease is Crohn’s and what is indicative of it?

A

Patchy disease
Skip lesions from the mouth to the anus
Classically it is spread along the bowel
Clinical features related to where the disease is situated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the clinical features of CD? (9)

A 
Diarrhoea
Weight loss
Abdominal pain 
Fever
Malaise
Lethargy
Anorexia
N&V
Malabsorption - Unusual presentation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is CD like histologically?

A

Granulomas

Affects the whole thickness of the colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is UC like histologically?

A

No granulomas

Only affects the inner lining of the colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is found in CD?

A

Fitulae

Peri-anal disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the extra-intestinal manifestations of IBD?

A 
Eyes
Joints
Renal calculi
Liver and biliary tree
Skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for IBD?

A

Chronic diarrhoea
Ileo-caecal TB
Colitis - Infective/Ameobic/Ischaemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What classification is used for IBD?

A

Montreal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are in indices for IBD inflammation?

Study These Flashcards
A 
High ESR & CRP
High platelet count
High WCC
Low Hb
Low albumin
20
Q

What drops during active inflammation?

21
Q

What investigations should be done for IBD?

Study These Flashcards
A

Colonoscopy

Medical management – Outpatient and Hospital

22
Q

How often should colonoscopies be done in patients with IBD?

Study These Flashcards
A

Extensive colitis for 8-20 years = Once every 3 years
Extensive colitis for 30-40 years = Once every 2 years
Extensive colitis for 40+ years = Annually

23
Q

What drugs are aminosalicylates (5ASA) and give an example?

Study These Flashcards
A

Mesalazine - Acrylic resin

Prodrugs - Sulfasalazine

24
Q

What does 5ASA help to control?

Study These Flashcards
A

Moderate UC flare-ups within 2-3 weeks

Can be used in the long term

25
How is it best to distribute 5ASA in distal and more extensive disease?
Rectally | *Patients may be on this till the end of their life*
26
What is the first line therapy in the induction and maintenance of remission of mild-moderate UC?
5ASA
27
For what use are 5ASA's used in CD?
Mildly active ileocolonic disease and in the maintenance of remission for post small bowel resection
28
What two steroids are used to treat IBD?
Prednisolone - Optimal dose is 40mg/day and tapering reduction over 4 weeks Budesonide - Slightly less effective than Prednisolone but it has a better side effect profile
29
What thiopurine is used in the treatment of IBD?
Azathioprine - Steroid sparing
30
What are the significant side effects of thiopurines?
``` Leucopenia Hepatoxicity Pancreatitis Possible long term lymphoma risk 28% of people are intolerant ```
31
What percentage of people are intolerant of Methotrexate and what is its main side effect?
10-18% | Stops women having children
32
What immunosuppressants are used in the treatment of IBD and what is their risk?
Ciclosporin Mycophenolate Tacrolimus Risk of infection
33
What biologics are used in the treatment of IBD?
Infliximab Adulimumab Anti-TNFα-antibodies
34
When is Metronidazole used?
Crohn’s peri-anal disease with small bowel over growth
35
What are the advantages and disadvantages of elemental feeding?
Advantages - Can be as effective as steroids with it being more efficacious in children Disadvantages - Compliance can be difficult
36
What are unacceptable complications of steroids?
Diabetes Severe osteoporosis Psychosis
37
What occurs when there are poor responses to Medical Rx?
Fistulas Fibrotic strictures Peri-anal disease Severe fulminating disease
38
Is surgery for IBD done electively or in an emergency?
Both
39
What does Acutely Ill result in?
``` Total Colectomy or Rectal preservation or Ileostomy ```
40
How does the colon appear in severe colitis?
Paper thin and very inflammed
41
What is pouch surgery?
Happens in a total colectomy with the colon being removed so the small bowel must be mobilised and lengthened to create a pouch
42
UC - What does the pouch procedure not have?
No ileostomy
43
What is a proctocolectomy?
When the colon and rectum are removed but it has an ileostomy
44
What are the surgical indications for Crohns? (6)
``` Failure of medical management Relief or obstructive symptoms Management of fistulae - Bowel to bladder Management of inta-abdominal mass Management of anal conditions Failure to thrive ```
45
What is sclerosing cholangitis?
Disease of the bile ducts, multiple strictures and it is slowly progressive which can lead to cirrhosis
46
What is the long-term complication of colitits?
Colonic carcinoma
47
How does anal CD vary?
It can be non-ulcerating or severely ulcerated

GI System (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions