chapter 4: photosynthesis and cellular respiration S1&2

Question 1

define photosynthesis

Answer 1

the process by which a cell captures energy in sunlight and uses it to make food.

Question 2

define autotroph

Answer 2

an organism that makes its own food

Question 3

define heterotroph

Answer 3

an organism that cannot make its own food

Question 4

define pigment

Answer 4

the natural coloring matter of animal or plant tissue.

Question 5

define chlorophyll

Answer 5

the main photosynthetic pigment in chloroplasts

Question 6

define chloroplast

Answer 6

green organelles inside plant cells

Question 7

define stomata

Answer 7

plural for stoma and small openings on the undersides of leaves

Question 8

state the photosynthesis equation

Answer 8

6 CO2 + 6 H2O =light energy= C6H12O6 + 6 O2

carbon dioxide + water =light energy= a sugar + oxygen

Question 9

define respiration

Answer 9

the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose and animals use to breathe

Question 10

state the respiration equation

Answer 10

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 = 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy

sugar + oxygen = carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 11

define fermentation

Answer 11

organisms obtain their energy through an energy-releasing process that does not require oxygen

Question 12

what is the connection between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

Answer 12

photosynthesis produces oxygen and sugar and needs carbon dioxide and water, respiration produces carbon dioxide and water but needs oxygen and sugar. it is a continuous circle.

Question 13

what are the two stages of respiration?

Answer 13

in the first stage, glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm. a small amount of energy is released.
in the second stage, the smaller molecules combine with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide in the mitochondria. this reaction releases a large amount of energy.

Question 14

why is cellular respiration and photosynthesis responsible for all life on earth?

Answer 14

1st reason
it is a continuous circle
-plants produce oxygen and need carbon dioxide
-animals need oxygen and produce carbon dioxide
-they both need each other to live

2nd reason
animals and plants need energy
-all life on earth needs energy to live
-plants cannot get energy without photosynthesis
-animals cannot get energy without cellular respiration

3rd reason
evolution
-without cellular respiration and photosynthesis, life would have never evolved
-all living things have evolved to either become a plant and use photosynthesis or to become an animal and use cellular respiration
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Question 15

what if oxygen is very low or is not possible?

and what is the long-term consequence of both?

Answer 15

fermentation happens

lactic acid happens and burns your muscules