the life of a cell

Question 1

what is the DNA structure?

Answer 1

Thymine=Adenine

Guanine=Cytosine

(nitrogen bases)

Deoxyribose (longer one on the outside)

phosphate (shorter one on outside)

Question 2

what happens in Metaphase?

Answer 2

-paired chromosomes doubled during Interphase, line up at the center of the cell and attach to the SFA

Question 3

what are the three things that happen in Interphase?

Answer 3

growth, DNA replication, and preparation for division

Question 4

what happens when DNA replication occurs?

Answer 4

DNA replication begins when the two sides of the DNA molecule unwind and separate, somewhat like a zipper unzipping. the molecule separates between the paired nitrogen bases.next, nitrogen bases that are floating in the nucleus pair up with the bases on each half of the DNA molecule.

Question 5

what phases are there in Mitosis?

Answer 5

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

Question 6

what happens in Anaphase?

Answer 6

-doubled chromosomes split at the centromere and begin to move to opposite sides of the cell

Question 7

what happens in Cytokinesis?

Answer 7

when the cell divides into two equal “daughters” and then enter and Interphase of their own.

Question 8

what happens in telophase?

Answer 8

now that each new daughter cell is equipped with a full set of DNA, the cell begins to divide. Prophase events are REVERSED. [chromatin diffuses, SFA breaks down and nuclear membrane reforms.]

Question 9

what happens in Prophase?

Answer 9

-Chromatin condenses and becomes visible as chromosomes -spindle fiber apparatus (SFA) forms and will be the thing that moves the chromosomes -nuclear membrane breaks down

Question 10

what does Cytokinesis mean?

Answer 10

cyto –> cell kin –> move sis –> process

Question 11

what are the nitrogen bases of DNA?

Answer 11

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

Question 12

what is the language of DNA?

Answer 12

letters–>nitrogen bases [a-t, g-c] only!

words–>codons [3 N-bases together]

sentences–>genes [codons together]

story–>genome [all genes together]

Question 13

what is cell differentiation?

Answer 13

differentiation is the process by which cells change in structure and become capable of carrying out specialized functions.

Question 14

how do cells differentiates?

Answer 14

once a cell’s future has been determined, when and how much it changes depends on its DNA, its function, and the type of organism.

Question 15

why do cells differentiate?

Answer 15

cells differentiate to become specialized cell to preform certain functions.

Question 16

what is the cell, tissue, organ, and organ system organization?

Answer 16

at first, cells group into tissue. such cells work together, carrying out specific functions. for example, muscle cells in animals become organized into long strands of muscle tissue that can move legs or arms. groups of tissue can combine to form organs, such as the roots of a plant or the stomach of an animal. systems, such as the digestive systems, begin to function as organs and tissues work together.

Question 17

how long is interphase in a liver cell and what happens during that time period?

Answer 17

21 hours

growth takes 9 hours

DNA replication takes 10 hours

preparation for division takes two hours

Question 18

how long is the length of a cell cycle?

Answer 18

22 hours

Question 19

how long does mitosis and cytokinesis take and what happens during that time period?

Answer 19

1 hour

cell division takes 1 hour

Question 20

what would the bases on the other strand be if one strand was:

GTACCTG

Answer 20

CATGGAC

Question 21

what would the bases on the other strand be if one strand was:

TTCGACG

Answer 21

AAGCTGC

Question 22

what would the bases on the other strand be if one strand was:

TGCAGACTC

Answer 22

ACGTCTGAG

Question 23

why would these bases on the other strand appear?

Answer 23

they would appear because the letters are like an alphabet and nitrogen bases have strict pairing rules.