modern genetics Flashcards
allele
Makeup genes and are used to help determine the child’s traits
genotype
alleles by the offspring
phenotype
physical appearance of the trait
homozygous
one type of allele
heterozygous
more that one type of allele
genotypic ratio
chances of having a particular combination of alleles
phenotypic ratio
chance of showing a particular form of a trait
Punnett square
a square divided into 4+ squares to show the chances of the child having certain trait(s)
pedigree
a chart, like a family tree, that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait
karyotype
a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell
genetic counselor
a person who helps couples understand their chances of having a child with a particular genetic disorder. they can use karyotypes, pedigrees, and Punnett squares
sex-linked
something that is connected to the sex chromosome
genetic disorders
disorders that are found within the family and are not spreadable
nucleus
contains nucleic acids and function throughout the cell
nucleic acid
inside the nucleus, DNA is genetic material passed from parent to offspring