Side-Effects of Common Diabetes Drugs Flashcards
Name the 6 Oral Hypoglycaemics used to control diabetes.
- Metformin
- Sulphonylureas (Gliclazide, Glipizide, Glimepiride)
- Thiazolidinediones (TZD) (glitazones)
- DPP-4 Inhibitors (-gliptins)
- GLP-1 - Exentide, Liraglutide, lixisenatide)
- SGLT2 (-Flozins). (Dapagliflozin, Canagliflozin)
Metformin
GI Side effects
Lactic Acidosis
Sulfonylureas
(Gliclazide, Glipizide, Glibenclamide, Starts in Gli or Gly)
- Hypoglycaemic episodes
- Increased appetite and weight gain
- SIADH
- Liver dysfunction (cholestatic)
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
(Glitazones)
- Weight gain
- Fluid retention
- Liver dysfunction
- Fractures
DPP4 Inhibitors (Gliptins)
- Gastro-intestinal disturbances
- Nasopharyngitis
- Peripheral oedema
- Increased occurence of URTIs.
GLP-1 Analogues (Exenatide, Liraglutide)
- Pancreatitis
- Renal Impairment
- GI
NOTE: These do not cause weight gain.
SGLT2 (-Flozins)
- Increased UTIs in women.
- Not recommended with loop diuretics or volume depleted - risk of dehydration
- Euglycaemic DKA
NOTE: These cause weight loss not weight gain.
What are 2 common side effects of insulin?
- Hypoglycaemia
- Lipodystrophy.
How can you prevent lipodystrophy?
Rotate injection sites
If a patient is concious and is having a hypoglycaemic episode, what should they be advised to do?
- 10-20g of short acting carbohydrates
What should every diabetic with insulin have?
A glucagon kit for emergencies when they cannot consume short acting carbohydrates/ unconcious.
What can happen to people who have freqent hypoglycaemic episodes?
How can you correct this?
They may have reduced hypoglycaemic awareness.
Let them run high for a while and their awareness will reset.
What medication also reduces glycaemic awareness?
Beta-Blockers
