Lecture 13a: Major Brain Structures

Question 1

The central nervous system consists of:

Answer 1

the brain and spinal cord

Question 2

Both the brain and spinal cord are bathed in:

Answer 2

cerebrospinal fluid and are surrounded by meninges

Question 3

The spinal cord borders with the _______.

Answer 3

medulla (autonomic function)

Question 4

The medulla contains:

Answer 4

a number of important nuclei (cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory center), the caudal portion of the reticular formation, and the fourth ventricle.

Question 5

The medulla borders with the ____.

Answer 5

pons

Question 6

The pons are located

Answer 6

between the medulla and the midbrain

Question 7

The pons contains

Answer 7

white fiber and several nuclei, including those of cranial nerves V to VIII

Question 8

The cerebellum lies_______.

Answer 8

just behind the medulla and the pons.

Question 9

The cerebellum consists of

Answer 9

two hemispheres and a central area (vermis).

Question 10

The cerebellum is supposted by

Answer 10

three pairs of peduncles (bundles of neural fibers).

Question 11

Cerebellum helps with

Answer 11

timing of movements, balance, posture, coordination, and possibly the assembling of motor synergies

Question 12

_________ is a typical feature of cerebellar disorders

Answer 12

Discoordination

Question 13

The midbrain (mesencephalon) contains:

Answer 13

four elevations called colliculi

Question 14

What are the four elevations of the colliculi

Answer 14

2 superior colliculi (vision and occular reflexes)

2 inferior colliculi (processing and auditory information)

Question 15

What are the two major nuclei found in the midbrain?

Answer 15

the red nucleus: important for voluntary movements
substantia nigra: motor control
as well as the Sylvius aqueduct

Question 16

The _______ is almost completely surrounded by cerebral hemispheres.

Answer 16

Diecenphalon

Question 17

Dicenphalon contains:

Answer 17

thalamus (integration of sensory and motor information)
hypothalamus (autonomic functions)
hypophysis
epiphysis (the pineal gland)

Question 18

Inside the dicenphalon is the _______.

Answer 18

third ventricle

Question 19

The Limbic System includes

Answer 19

the hypothalamus
the fornix
the hippocampus (short term memory and memory consolidation)
the amygdaloid nucleus
the cingulate gyrus of the cerebral cortex (emotional response)

Question 20

The two hemispheres of the cerebrum are connected by:

Answer 20

the corpus callosum and the anterior commisure

Question 21

Each hemisphere of the cerebrum is divided into five lobes. They are:

Answer 21

the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe, the temporal lobe, and the insula. Involved heavily in voluntary movements, coordination, and perception

Question 22

The basal ganglia represent pairs of structures that include:

Answer 22

the globus pallidus, the putamen, the caudate nucleus, the subthalamic nucleus, and the substantia nigra.

Plays a important role in the initiation of voluntary movements

Question 23

Nuclei or cranial nerves

Answer 23

control of neck and face

Question 24

Reticular formation

Answer 24

stimulation can induce locomotion

Question 25

Cerebellum

Answer 25

synergy formation, timing, memory, motor learning

Question 26

Red nucleus

Answer 26

source of major descending pathway

Question 27

thalamus

Answer 27

sensorimotor intergation

Question 28

Limbic circle

Answer 28

emotions

Question 29

Basal ganglia

Answer 29

motor control, movemtn intiation

Question 30

cortex of large hemispheres:

Answer 30

“higher” function, motor control