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Neural Control of Movement > Lecture 25 > Flashcards

Lecture 25 Flashcards

1
Q 
genetic disorder on chromosome 21
life expectancy: over 60 years
longer reaction time
longer movement time
irregular trajectories
high variability
small cerebellum
can be improved with traiing
A

Down Syndrome

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2
Q

most common among pervasive developmental disorders

A

Autism

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3
Q

a spectrum disorder

A

Autism

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4
Q 
difficulty in verbal expression
distress for unclear reasons
difficulty in social situations
lack of responsiveness to words
sustained odd play
physical over activity or extreme under activity
uneven gross/fine motor skills
unknown cause
low weight cerebellum
A

Autism

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5
Q

contributing factors: genetic; certain medical conditions; harmful substances during pregnancy

A

Austism

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6
Q

causes are unknown
increased levels of cocontraction
associated with a smaller cerebellum

A

Developmental Coordination Disorder

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7
Q

typical features: tripping, running into others; dropping objects; unsteady gait; speech problems

A

developmental coordination disorder

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8
Q

developmental delays: sitting up, crawling, walking, deficits in handwriting and reading; problems in fine and gross motor skills

A

developmental coordination disorder

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9
Q

progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles

A

dystrophies

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10
Q

site: muscle
genetic diseases
mostly males are affected

A

muscular dystrophy

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11
Q

mutation of gene responsible for dystrophin, a protein involved in maintaining integrity muscle fibers

A

duchenne dystrophy

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12
Q

late to walk; waddling unsteady gait

respirator dependence by the age of 20

A

duchenne dystrophy

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13
Q

similar to duchenne dystrophy (mutation of gene responsible for dystrophin)
clinical symptoms appear at adolescence
slower disease progression; longer life expectancy

A

becker dystrophy

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14
Q

most common adult form of muscular dystrophy

A

myotonic dystrophy

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15
Q

prolonged episode of muscle activity after its voluntary contraction

A

myotonia

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16
Q

finger & facial muscles affected first
high-stepping, floppy footed gait
long face; drooping eyelids

A

myotonic dystrophy

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17
Q

slowed conduction in a single nerve

A

mononeuropathies

18
Q

reduced amplitude of motor and or sensory potentials

signs of denercation

A

mononeuropathies

19
Q

entrapment of the median nerve at the risk ulnar nerve can be entrapped near the elbow

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

20
Q

mostly seen in muscle innervated by median and ulnar nerves

A

brachial plexus lesions

21
Q

peroneal pressure palsy

A

peroneal

22
Q

tassel tunnel syndrome

A

tibial

23
Q

may be associated with demyelinating neuropathies

A

polyneuropathies

24
Q

reduced recruitment; conduction block; may result in permanent axonal loss (characterized by demyelination)

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

25
Q

common recovery, but nerve conduction velocity may remain slow

A

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

26
Q

Neuronal degenerations

A
  1. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s Disease)

2. Poliomyelitis

27
Q

enterovirus destroying anterior horn cells; EMGs show chronic denervation; may lead to weakness and pain

A

Poliomyelitis

28
Q

partial loss of voluntary control of muscle activity

A

paraesis

29
Q

total loss of voluntary motor control

A

plegia

30
Q

two extremities are involved (forelimbs or hindlimb)

A

Para

31
Q

half of the body is involved

A

hemi

32
Q

all four extremities are involved

A

quadri

33
Q

with positive signs of spasticity

A

spastic (hyperreflexia)

34
Q

without positive signs of spasticity

A

flaccid (areflexia)

35
Q

hemisyndroms

A

supraspinal

36
Q

quadripariesis or quadraplegia

A

cervical

37
Q

Dammage to descending and ascending spinal tracts

destruction of spinal neuronal apparatus

A

spinal cord injuries

38
Q 
demyelination of axons within CNS
macrophages and mononuclear cells can strip away myelin
impairment of balance
intentional tremor
disco ordination of limbs
dysarthria
facial weakness and numbness
delayed evoked potentials
A

Multiple Sclerosis

39
Q 
Bradykinesia
tremor
rigidity
postural deficits
deficits in APAs
increased preprogrammed reactions
A

Parkinson’s disease

40
Q

characterized by chorea and dementia

death after 15-20 years

A

huntington’s disease

41
Q

atrophy of caudate uncles, decrease in glutamate and ACh activity

A

huntington’s disease

42
Q

generalized, irregular, restless, often psuedopurposive movements

A

chorea

Neural Control of Movement (24 decks)

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