Olinger Cardiology Flashcards
what is a MI the result of?
lack of blood flow to the myocardium, usually a blockage in a Coronary A. or coronary atherosclerosis
what is angina pectoris?
pain that originates in the heart and produces a strangling pain in the chest due to obstructed coronary arteries
what is the purpose for the heart’s fibrous skeleton?
provides electrically insulated barrier between the Atria and the Ventricles
what is the ligamentum arteriosum a remnant of?
purpose?
ductus arteriosus
shunted blood away from Pulmonary trunk to the Aorta to bypass nonfx lungs
what nerve is commonly affected in an aortic aneurism?
recurrent laryngeal n.
what is an atrial septal defect?
incomplete closure of the foramen ovale
large openings can be significant if they allow mixture of oxy and nonoxy blood
what is a cardiac catheterization?
insertion of a catheter into the femoral v. and is passed up to the IVC for visualizing the RA, RV, PT, and PA
what are ventricular septal defects?
interventricular septum is particularly susceptible to defects due to embryologically divergent tissues
ALL defects clinically relevant bc mixture of blood
describe the cardiac cycle beginning with diastole
Aortic and PV close due to drop in pressure in ventricles
ventricles relax, heart lengthens and tri/bicuspid valves open
atrial contraction takes place and expulsion of blood into ventricles
describe the cardiac cycle starting with systole
AV valves close due to INC pressure in ventricles
ventricles contract, INC pressure, opening the Aortic and PV
full ventricular contraction and expulsion of blood into the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
where does an artificial cardiac pacemaker’s elctrodes insert?
what carries the impulse?
endocardium of the trabecula carnae of the RV
electrodes through a large v. to the SVC
what is an atrial fibrillation?
irregular twitching of the atrial cardiac m. fibers, ventricles respond at irregular intervals
circulation is fine
what happens in ventricular fibrillation
what is the Tx?
rapid irregular twitching, heart cannot pump blood
use a Defib to stop heart in hopes of it restarting normally
what does cardiac referred pain stimulate?
what n. is assoc. w/anginal pain?
visceral pain sensory fibers in the heart of the ANS
left medial brachial cutaneous n.
what does the transverse pericardial sinus allow surgeons to do?
access the area post. to aorta and PT to clamp/insert tubes of a bypass machine into the large vessels
