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AU 15- Periodontology Exam 2 > Dental Plaque Induced Gingivitis > Flashcards

Dental Plaque Induced Gingivitis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four dental plaque induced gingival diseases?

A
  1. Gingivitis associated with dental plaque only
  2. Gingival disease modified by systemic factors
  3. Gingival disease modified by medication
  4. Gingival disease modified by malnutrition
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2
Q

What is peri-mucositis?

A

inflammation limited to the mucosa around an implant

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3
Q

Characteristics common to ALL gingival diseases:

  1. Signs & Symptoms ________ to the gingiva
  2. Presence of _______
  3. Clinical signs of _______
  4. No _______ or symptoms associated with _____
  5. ________ of the disease by removal of etiology
  6. Possible role as _______ to attachment loss
A
  1. limited
  2. plaque
  3. inflammation
  4. attachment loss, or stable/reduced periodontium
  5. reversibility
  6. precursor
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4
Q

Common clinical changes associated with gingivitis include (5 items)?

A 
color
texture/edema
bleeding
exudate
plaque
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5
Q

True or False: There is a sulcular temperature increase associated with plaque-induced gingivitis.

A

true

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6
Q

Describe the color differences between normal, inflamed, and severely inflamed, gingiva.

A

Normal: coral-pink
Inflamed: red (inc. vascularization, dec. epithelial keratin)
Severe: red and cyanotic (vasc. prolifer & lack of oxygen)

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7
Q

Why does bleeding on probing occur with increased inflammation?

A
  • Dilation and Engorgement of capillaries

- Thinning/ulceration of the sulcular epithelium

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8
Q

What is spontaneous bleeding?

A

bleeding that occurs in acute or severe disease that may be related to systemic health problems

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9
Q

Healthy gingiva is ____ and _____; whereas, inflamed gingiva appears ______, ______, and ______

A

firm and resilient

soft, swollen, friable

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10
Q

How does gingival consistency change in the case of several gingival disease?

A

it becomes necrotic and flakes or sloughs off, grayish coloring

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11
Q

Inflammation is associated with increased extracellular fluid and ______, degeneration of _______, and thinning of _____.

A

exudate
connective tissue
epithelium

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12
Q

Chronic inflammation can induce ____ and _____ proliferation which appears firm and leathery.

A

FIBROSIS and epithelial proliferation

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13
Q

How does surface texture look when tissue is inflamed?

A

Healthy gingiva is dull (matte) with stippling
Inflamed gingiva is smooth and shiny
Severely inflamed is firm and nodular

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14
Q

Describe the shape of the gingival margin and how it changes from health to disease.

A

Health: scalloped and following the CEJ
Inflamed: knife-edged or loose with “Stillman’s clefts” or “McCall’s festoons”

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15
Q

What is needed in order to differentiate between periodontitis and gingivitis on a reduced periodontium?

A

Previous documentation

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16
Q

______ _______ is a chronic inflammatory response characterized by exudate and proliferative features such as deep red lesions, shine, expansion in size, and bleeding tendency.

A

Gingival Enlargement

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17
Q

In the case of gingival enlargement, an increase in what two cells/fibers would be associated with the increased fibrosis?

A

fibroblasts

collagen fibers

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18
Q

What is the primary etiologic factor associated with plaque-induced gingivits? Secondary etiologic factors?

A

primary: bacterial plaque (must have)
secondary: local factors (make it worse)

19
Q

What are some examples of secondary etiologic factors?

A

calculus
marginal deficiencies
malocclusion
tooth or root anomalies

20
Q

Gingivitis associated with local contributing factors include tooth abnormalities such as ______ and _______.

A

enamel pearls

cemental tears

21
Q

In health, the biologic width is between ___ and ___mm and includes the depth of the ____, the ______ attachment, and the _____ _____ attachment

A 
2 and 3 mm
sulcus
epithelial
connective tissue
(aka: from the gingival margin to the alveolar crest)
22
Q

True or False: Periodontitis starts with gingivitis but gingivitis does not always progress to periodontitis.

A

True

23
Q

True or False: Return of inflammation to sites that were previously treated for periodontitis is common.

A

True

24
Q

What is recurrent periodontitis?

A

recurrent inflammation that does not cause further attachment loss but the inflammation returns to gingival tissues in previously treated areas

25
Q

True or False: Endocrine disorders can cause gingival disease.

A

False: it makes it worse but you must have dental plaque to cause disease

26
Q

What are three circumstances in which the endocrine system is involved with gingivitis?

A

puberty
menstrual cycle
pregnancy

27
Q

True or False: pregnancy associated gingivitis usually occurs during the first trimester and is modulated by increased hormones.

A

False: SECOND trimester

28
Q

Localized host response mediated by high levels of estrogen or testosterone is characteristic of _______.

A

Puberty associated gingivitis

29
Q

True or False: Clinically detectable changes seem to be associated with the menstrual cycle and gingivitis.

A

False: not clinically detectable… however, increased GCF have been recorded up to 20%

30
Q

What is a pyogenic granuloma and how is it associated with pregnancy?

A

a highly vascularized mass of granulation tissue that usually appears during the second or third trimester; appears as a pedunculated mass on gingival tissue

31
Q

Which vitamin deficiencies are associated with gingival disease?

A

Vitamin C (scurrrrvyyy)
Vitamin A
Vitamin B2
Vitamin B12

32
Q

If a small child shows up with spontaneously bleeding gingiva, what should be done and why?

A

Send the child to get blood work
Systemic diseases such as Diabetes, Leukemia, blood dysplasias, cyclic neutropenia, acute myeloid leukemia, and thrombocytopenia can influence the gums

33
Q

What are the three commonly used drug types that are associated with gingival overgrowth?

A
  1. Anticonvulsants
  2. Immunosuppressants
  3. Calcium Channel Blocking Agents
34
Q

What could occur if a patient is taking Phenytoin (anticonvulsant), Cyclosporin (immunosuppressant), or Nifedipine (calcium channel blocker)?

A

Gingival Overgrowth**

35
Q

What is the main sign that a patient may have NUG and not just gingival irritation/swelling?

A

PAIN of the interdental papilla…most issues don’t cause pain

36
Q

How is NUG often resolved?

A

systemic antibiotic

37
Q

What are the predisposing factors for NUG?

A
  • Systemic disease
  • Abnormal white blood cell function
  • AIDS
38
Q

What is lost in patients with NUG?

A

papilla

39
Q

Which disease is often associated or confused with NUG?

A

Primary Herpatic Gingivostomatitis (PHS)

40
Q

What is the difference in etiology between NUG and PHS?

A 
NUG = bacteria
PHS = Herpes simplex virus
41
Q

What is the difference in duration between NUG and PHS?

A 
NUG = 1-2 days if treated
PHS = 1-2 weeks
42
Q

What is the difference in contagiousness between NUG and PHS?

A 
NUG = not
PHS = YESSSSS
43
Q

Ulceration and necrotic tissue, with yellowish white plaque would indicate _____; whereas, multiple vesicle bursts that leave small, round, fibrin-covered ulcers would indicate ______.

A

NUG

PHS

AU 15- Periodontology Exam 2 (14 decks)

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