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Flashcardlet decks > 1.0 Matter can be organized... > Flashcards

1.0 Matter can be organized... Flashcards

0
Q

Safety hazard shapes

A

Triangle: yellow- caution
Diamond: orange- warning
Octagon: red- danger

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

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2
Q

Hazard warnings

A 
Flammable: 
Toxic
Explosive 
Irritant
Corrosive
Biological
Electrical
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3
Q

WHIMIS

A

Workplace hazardous materials information system- easy to see warning symbols for hazardous materials
These symbols are designed to help protect people from these materials that might be harmful at work

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4
Q

WHIMIS symbols…

A

Compressed gas, dangerously reactive material, oxidizing material, poisonous and infectious causing immediate and serious toxic affects, flammable and combustible material, bio hazardous infectious material, corrosive material, poisonous and infectious causing other toxic effects

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5
Q

Lab safety rules

A

Read and listen to all instructions
Wash yours hands to before and after handling chemicals
Wear safety gloves, googles or an apron
Think before touch
Smell a substance by wafting it with your hands
Do not taste anything in the lab
Tie back hair or loose clothing
Never pour liquids into a container held in your hand
Clean up all spills
Never look into containers from the top
Never use cracked glassware
Label containers you put chemicals in
Report all accidents to the teacher
Be aware of the WHIMIS symbols on products

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6
Q

States of matter

A

Solid liquid gas

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7
Q

Melting

A

From a solid to a liquid

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8
Q

Evaporation

A

Liquid to gas

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9
Q

Condensation

A

Gas to liquid

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10
Q

Freezing

A

Liquid to a solid

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11
Q

Sublimation

A

Solid directly to gas

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12
Q

Deposition

A

Gas directly to solid

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13
Q

Properties

A

Characteristics that can be used to describe a substance

All matter has two properties: physical and chemical

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14
Q

Physical properties

A

Colour, lustre, melting point, boiling point, hardness, malleability, ductility, crystal shape, solubility, density and conductivity

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15
Q

Physical change

A

Appearance or state may be altered but it has the same composition
Ex. Ice cream melts but tastes the same

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16
Q

Melting point

A

The temperature in which a substance will change from a solid to a liquid
Melting point of ice is 0•C - at this temp it changes its physical state to water

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17
Q

Boiling point

A

The temperature in which a substance changes to the has phase. The sea levels water boiling point is 100• C

18
Q

Hardness

A

A substances ability to resist being scratched. Usually measured on the Mohs’ hardness scale which is from 1-10
Mineral talc is the softest substance on the scale (1)

19
Q

Malleability

A

A substance that can be pounded or rolled into sheets.

Metal such as gold and tin are malleable substances

20
Q

Ductility

A

Any solid that can be stretched into a long wire is said to be ductile
The most common example is copper

21
Q

Crystal shape

A

The shape of a substances crystals can help identify it.

Silicon crystals are diamond shape and salt crystals are cubes.

22
Q

Solubility

A

The ability of a substance to be dissolved into another

Sugar is soluble me in water but cooking oil is not.

23
Q

Density

A

The amount of mass in a given volume of s substance.

The density of water is 1 g/mL

24
Q

Conductivity

A

The ability of a substance to conduct electricity or heat. The substances that
can conduct heat or electricity are called conductors. A substance with little or no conductivity is an insulator.

25
Q

Chemical property

A

Describes how a substance interacts with other substances such as acids. Are only observable when their is a chemical change.

26
Q

Chemical change

A

Results in the formation of a different substance or substances
Ex. Pancakes are made of many different ingredients to result in its physical change

27
Q

Pure substance

A

A pure substance is made of only one kind of matter and has unique properties which set it apart from other matter. Mercury and sugar are examples. A pure substance can either be an element or a compound

28
Q

Element

A

A material that cannot be broken down Ito a simpler substance. They are building blocks for each compound. These elements are organized into a periodic table according to their properties and each of them has a symbol. Ex. Carbon is C and oxygen is O

29
Q

Compound

A

When two or more elements combine chemically in specific fixed proportions they form a compound. Ex. Hydrogen and oxygen combined make a compound of water, carbon and oxygen form the compound of CO2 which created fizz in carbonated drinks

30
Q

Mixture

A

A combination of pure substances. They don’t form chemically like in compounds but they form in their original pure form even though they may not be made out individually when mixed. Their are four main types of mixtures: mechanical mixture, solution, suspension and colloid.

31
Q

Mechanical mixture

A

When the different substances that make up the mixture are visible.
Ex. Soil and a package of mixed vegetables

32
Q

Solution

A

The different substances that make up the mixture are not separately visible. One substance is dissolved into the other.
Solid dissolved in liquid: sugar in hot coffee
Liquid dissolved in liquid: acidic acid and water making vinegar
Gas dissolved in liquid: CO2 in water to make pop
Gas dissolved in gas: oxygen and other small empire of gases to make the atmosphere
Solid dissolved in solid: copper into silver to make sterling silver

33
Q

Suspension

A

A cloudy mixture on which tiny particles if in substance are held in another.
Ex. Tomato juice
particles are separated when they go through filter paper.

34
Q

Colloid

A

A cloudy mixture but the particles of the suspended substance are so small they cannot be separated out from the other substance.
Ex. Milk and ketchup

35
Q

Aqueous solution

A

A substance dissolved in water

Ex. Fresh water, vinegar and cleaning solvents

36
Q

Changes in matter: physical change

A

When a material moves from one state to the other and can also physically change back to its original state
Ex. Frozen juice- melts, freezes and than thaws again

37
Q

Changes in matter: chemical change

A

Occurs when two or more materials react and create new materials. The new materials have completely different properties when combined.
Ex. Changes in colour, odour, state or thermal

38
Q

Change in colour

A

When bleach is added to the dye of a denim jacket the colour changes

39
Q

Change in odour

A

When a match is struck the chemicals give off odour

40
Q

Formation of a solid or gas ( state change)

A

When vinegar (liquid) is added to baking soda (solid), carbon dioxide is formed

41
Q

Real ease or absorption of energy (thermal)

A

When gasoline burns in an engine it gives off heat

42
Q

Controlling changes in matter to meet human needs: freeze-dryed foods

A

When we freeze-dry foods it allows it to preserve for a long time and takes up little space. When we freeze-dry foods we freeze the food and put it through a pressure chamber to make the ice change from a solid to a gas. Than you add it to hit water and stir to eat!

43
Q

Controlling changed in matter to meet human needs: corn to remover and plastic

A

Chemicals made from corn are used to make pop bottle, paint and nail polish remover and to fuel some cars. Corn goes through the process of chemical change called fermentation. After this process the substances are recovered, purified and than used to make products. The removers made from the chemical is bad for the environment whereas the plastic products are not

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