Chapter 6 - Body coordination

Question 1

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 1

Made of nerves that carry messages to the CNS from receptors and from the CNS to effectors

Question 2

Nervous System

Answer 2

Sends information as electrochemical impulses around the body at 100m/s. Divided into two parts: CNS and PNS

Question 3

Stimulus

Answer 3

Any deviation from the normal state. A change in environmental factors

Question 4

Receptor

Answer 4

Specialised cells designed to detect a specific stimulus

Question 5

Effector

Answer 5

The part of the body that causes a change in response to the stimulus

Question 6

Response

Answer 6

Caused by effector and is usually a return to the normal state

Question 7

Sapictive receptors

Answer 7

Taste

Question 8

Mechanoreceptors

Answer 8

Touch

Question 9

Photoreceptors

Answer 9

Light

Question 10

Thermoreceptors

Answer 10

Temperature

Question 11

Chemoreceptors

Answer 11

Food, chemicals

Question 12

Autistic receptors

Answer 12

Sound

Question 13

Olfactory receptors

Answer 13

Smell

Question 14

Neuron

Answer 14

Part of the nervous system, carries electrical messages called nerve impulses from one part of your body to another

Question 15

Cell body

Answer 15

Contains the nucleus, which is the control centre of the cell

Question 16

Dendrite

Answer 16

Fibres that receive messages from other neurons

Question 17

Axon

Answer 17

Fibres that send messages to other neurons

Question 18

Myelin sheath

Answer 18

Fatty coating of ‘insulation’. It insulates the neurons from each other and increases speed of nerve impulse

Question 19

Reflex arc

Answer 19

Stimulus response pathway designed to work quickly and automatically. Bypasses brain and uses spinal chord as control centre

Question 20

Reflex arc events (diagram)

Answer 20

Stimulus > Receptor > CC (spinal chord) > Effector > Response

Question 21

Motor neurons

Answer 21

Carry messages from CNS to effectors (from control centre to effectors)

Question 22

Sensory neurons

Answer 22

Carry messages from cells in the sense organs to the brain and spinal chord. Attached to a receptor (from receptors to control centre)

Question 23

Interneurons

Answer 23

Connect motor and sensory neurons together

Question 24

Central Nervous System

Answer 24

Consists of brain and spinal chord. Received information from all around the body and the sends messages on how the body should respond

Question 25

Transmit message across synapse

Answer 25

Messages sent along neurons are electrical. When the message reaches an axon, a neurotransmitter, which is a chemical, is released into the synapse. The NTM sends the message from the axon to the dendrite as electrochemical in nature. The dendrite then sends it off as an electrical signal

Question 26

Slow response

Answer 26

Slow responses in multicellular organisms are produced by hormones through the endocrine system. Signals in the body tell the glands to produce hormones to send to target cells. These reactions are slower than the nervous system. Some take weeks to change. Eg: thyroxine produced by the thyroid which controls metabolism rates

Question 27

Homeostasis

Answer 27

Maintenance of constant internal environment, despite changing external environment

Question 28

Brain with nervous and endocrine systems

Answer 28

Brain links endocrine and nervous system because the brain contains the PG – which controls endocrine system. Brain is the control centre for the CNS. Brain contains hypothalamus –links both systems together

Question 29

Oxygen transport

Answer 29

Allows oxygen into the body and into blood stream through aveoli and diffusion. Allows carbon dioxide out of body. Uses respiratory system

Question 30

Digestion

Answer 30

Digestive system - breaks down food into glucose for cellular respiration

Question 31

Excretion

Answer 31

Removal of waste (urea) through excretory system. Expulsion of metabolic waste

Question 32

Metabolism

Answer 32

Chemical reactions and processes that allow Organism growth, reproduction, maintenance of structure and respond to their environments. Also breaks down organic matter –Breaks down glucose to release energy