9.1 - Diuretics and drugs in Kidney Failure Flashcards

1
Q

In what instances are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used? How do they work? Why arent they used more frequently?

A
  • Used for glaucoma
  • Not used due to risks of metabolic acidosis and hypokalaemia
  • Acts on PCT to prevent action of carbonic anhydrase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

In what instances are osmotic diuretics used? How do they work? Why arent they used more frequently?

A
  • Used in cerebral or pulmonary oedema
  • not used as causes excessive water loss and hypernatraemia
  • Act to increase osmotic gradient in renal tubules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do ADH antagonists work?

A

Works by preventing AQP2 from being placed on cell membrane, preventing the water from being taken out of the tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 types of diuretics currently used?

A

Loop, thiazide, K sparing, aldosterone antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give an example loop diuretic. What is its MoA? What is its indications?

A
  • furosemide
  • acts on NKCC2 on thin ascending loop of henle.
  • Risk of hypokalaemia
  • indications - HF, liver failure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Give an example thiazide diuretic. What is its MoA? What are its ADRs? Indications? DDI?>

A

e.g. - chlorothiazide

MoA - Acts on NaCl symporter in DCT. Promotes Ca reabsorption

ADR - hypokalaemia, hypercalcaemia, hyperuricaemia, ED

Indications - HF, hypertension

DDI - Beta blockers, digoxin, steroids all increase risk of ADRs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Give an example K sparing diuretic. MoA? DDI?

A

e.g. - amiloride

MoA - ENaC in DCT and CD.

DDI - ACE inhibitor increases risk of hyperkalaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Give example aldosterone antagonists. MoA? Indications? ADR?

A

e.g. - spironolactone

MoA - Inhibition of aldosterone results in less NaKATPase and ENaC synthesis

ADR - hyperkalaemia, gynocomastia

Indications - HF, hypertension, liver failure, hyperaldosteronism e.g. Conns syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What drugs would you use for heart failure?

A

Loop or thiazide diuretic.

ACEi and/or Beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What drugs would you use for hypertension?

A

Thiazide or aldosterone antagonists

ACEi and/or CCBs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drugs would you use for liver failure?

A

aldosterone antagonist and loop diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 4 physiological functions of the kidney?

A

REEM

Regulatory, Excretory, Endocrine, Metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the regulatory functions of the kidney?

A

Fluid balance, acid base balance, electrolyte balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the excretory functions of the kidney?

A

Waste products, drug elimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the endocrine functions of the kidney?

A

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone, erythropoetin, prostaglandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the metabolic functions of the kidney?

A

Vitamin D, polypeptides (insulin and PTH)

17
Q
A