10.2 - Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 types?

A

alkylating agents, anti-metabolites, spindle poisons, bleomycin, anthracycline antibiotics

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2
Q

How do alkylating agents work?

A

Forms covalent bonds intrastrand or

interstrand between DNA strands

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3
Q

Name the 2 anti-metabolites. How do the 2 anti-metabolites work?

A

5-FU - Inhibits thymidylate synthase, Needed to form pyramidines
Methotrexate - Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, needed to form purines and thymine

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4
Q

Name some ADRs

A

myelosuppression, weight loss, N&V, cardiotoxicity, alopecia, sepsis

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5
Q

What are the 3 methods in which resistance can arise in a tumour?

A

Decreased entry or exit of agent, Enhanced repair of DNA lesions, inactivation of agent in cell

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6
Q

Give an example alkylating agent.

A

cisplatin

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7
Q

How do spindle poisons work?

A

Affects the microtubular structure
of spindle fibre formation Either by Inhibit their formation (vinca alkaloids) or by Causing excessive polymerisation (taxanes)

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8
Q

How do you administer chemo?

A

In doses to allow bone marrow to recover

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9
Q

How do you monitor chemotherapy?

A

Tumour marker blood test, bone marrow testing, radiological imaging

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10
Q

Give example spindle poisions

A

taxane - paclitaxel

Vinca alkaloid - vincristine, vinblastine

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11
Q

How does bleomycin work?

A

Produces superoxide and hydroxde free radicals

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12
Q

Give 2 example anthracycline antibiotic

A

doxorubicin, daunorubicin

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13
Q

How do anthracycline antibiotics work?

A

Intercalates between spaces between DNA base pairs which stops normal replication and generates free radicals - triggers apoptosis

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14
Q

How can a cell increase the exit of a chemo drug?

A

Expression of MDRP

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15
Q

How can a cell decrease entry of a chemo drug?

A

Downregulation of active carrier

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16
Q

What is the log kill ratio?

A

Number of cancer cells killed given in 10^x