4.5 Organic 1 Flashcards
(110 cards)
1
Q
What is crude oil made of?
A
mixture of hydrocarbons
2
Q
What is a hydrocarbon?
A
compound made only of carbon and hydrogen
3
Q
Why does crude oil have a range of boiling points?
A
different hydrocarbons
lots of shapes + sizes
4
Q
What is the boiling point of refinery gases?
A
low
5
Q
What is the boiling point of bitumen?
A
high
6
Q
What happens to the boiling point when going down the table of hydrocarbons?
A
increases - more energy needed to break larger bonds
7
Q
What is the molecular mass of refinery gases?
A
low
8
Q
What is the molecular mass of bitumen?
A
high
9
Q
What happens to the molecular mass when going down the table of hydrocarbons?
A
increases
10
Q
What is the colour of refinery gases?
A
light
11
Q
What is the colour of bitumen?
A
dark
12
Q
What happens to the colour when going down the table of hydrocarbons?
A
darkens
13
Q
What is the viscosity of refinery gases?
A
low
14
Q
What is the viscosity of bitumen?
A
high
15
Q
What are refinery gases used for?
A
fuel for home cooking
16
Q
What is gasoline used for?
A
fuel for cars
17
Q
What is kerosene used for?
A
fuel for aircraft
18
Q
What is diesel used for?
A
fuel for trains
19
Q
What is fuel oil used for?
A
fuel for ships
20
Q
What is bitumen used for?
A
making roads
21
Q
How do you remember the hydrocarbons?
A
Rithika’s Got
Gum
K?
Dude!
Frick Off
Biatch
22
Q
How do you remember the uses of hydrocarbons?
A
Harriet Critchley
Came
Again
+
Touched
Sophie’s
Rabbits
23
Q
What are the hydrocarbons?
A
Refinery Gases
Gasoline
Kerosene
Diesel
Fuel Oil
Bitumen
24
Q
What are the uses of the hydrocarbon?
A
Home Cooking
Cars
Aircraft
Trains
Ships
Roads
25
What processes separates the fractions of crude oil?
fractional distillation
26
What is fractional distillation used for?
separating fractions of crude oil
27
Where is the fractional distillation column hottest?
at the bottom
28
Where is the fractional distillation column coldest?
at the top
29
How does the fractional distillation column work?
1. crude oil vapours enter column
2. rise until reaching BP where they condense
3. different heights
4. similar together
30
Where do the crude oil vapours condense after entering the column?
their boiling point
31
Why do crude oil vapours condense at different heights of the column?
different boiling points
32
What are fractions?
mixtures containing hydrocarbons that boil in a temperature range
33
What are alkanes?
hydrocarbons that fit general formula of CnH2n+2
34
What is a hydrocarbon?
compound of only carbon and hydrogen
35
What are alkanes made of?
simple molecules
36
What holds the molecules in alkanes together?
covalent bonds
37
How many carbons does methane have?
1 carbon
38
Which alkane has 1 carbon?
methane
39
How many carbons does ethane have?
2 carbons
40
Which alkane has 2 carbons?
ethane
41
How many carbons does propane have?
3 carbons
42
Which alkane has 3 carbons?
propane
43
How many carbons does pentane have?
5 carbons
44
Which alkane has 5 carbons?
pentane
45
How many carbons does butane have?
4 carbons
46
Which alkane has 4 carbons?
butane
47
What is displayed formula?
diagram showing positions of every atom and bond
48
What is structural formula?
structure of molecule in one line
49
What is molecular formula?
how many carbon and hydrogen there are
50
What is empirical formula?
simplest whole number ratio
51
What do homologous series share?
- chemical reactions
- physical properties
- same general formula
52
What are isomers?
molecules with same molecular formula but different structural formula
53
How many bonds can carbon make?
4
54
What are alkanes used for?
fuel
55
Why are alkanes used for fuel?
release a lot of energy
56
What does complete combustion produce?
carbon dioxide and water
57
What does incomplete combustion produce?
carbon monoxide and carbon
58
When does incomplete combustion occur?
not enough oxygen
59
What affect does incomplete combustion have on the alkane?
less effective as fuel - releases less energy
60
Which three significant pollutants does combustion of alkanes release to atmosphere?
carbon dioxide
nitrogen oxides
sulphur dioxide
61
Why is carbon dioxide a pollutant?
greenhouse gas
traps heat
climate change
62
Why is nitrogen oxide a pollutant?
dissolves rain water
acid rain
corrodes structures
harmful to plant and aquatic
63
Why is sulphur dioxide a pollutant?
dissolves rain water
acid rain
corrodes structures
harmful to plant and aqautic
64
When alkanes react with halogens what is the reaction called?
substitution
65
What does alkane + halogen reaction require?
UV light
66
Why is cracking useful?
short chains of alkanes more useful
67
What temperature is required for cracking?
650C
68
What catalyst is used for cracking?
aluminium oxide
69
What does cracking produce?
short alkane and alkene
70
What are alkenes?
hydrocarbons that fit general formula of CnH2n
71
Why are alkenes unsaturated?
one carbon double bond
72
How do alkenes differ to alkanes?
one carbon double bond
different formula
73
Which alkene has 2 carbons?
ethene
74
How many carbons does ethene have?
2 carbons
75
Which alkene has 3 carbons?
propene
76
How many carbons does propene have?
3 carbons
77
Which alkene has 4 carbons?
butene
78
How many carbons does butene have?
4 carbons
79
Which alkene has 5 carbons?
pentene
80
How many carbons does pentene have?
5 carbons
81
What are alkenes?
homologous series
82
How is isomerism different in alkenes?
can differ in more than one way
83
What are the two types of isomers for alkenes?
- branching of carbon chain
- position of carbon chain
84
Are alkenes saturated or unsaturated?
unsaturated
85
Why are alkanes saturated?
don't have CC double bond
86
How do alkenes react with bromine?
carbon bond is broken and bromine atoms added in
87
What is the reaction between alkenes and bromine called?
addition
88
Does alkene + bromine require UV light?
no
89
What is the colour change for alkene + bromine ?
orange to colourless
90
Why does alkene + bromine go from orange to colourless?
orange bromine is used up in the reaction
91
When does an addition polymer form?
molecules of C=C double bond add into chains
92
What are the small molecules that add together called?
monomers
93
What is the long chain in addition polymers called?
polymer
94
What is poly(ethene) used for?
drinks bottles
shopping bags
95
What is poly(propene) used for?
storage boxes
climbing ropes
96
What is poly(chloroethene) used for?
wire insulation
drainpipes
97
What is poly(tetrafluoroethene) used for?
non stick coating
98
What is a property of addition polymers?
inert
99
What is the reactivity of addition polymers?
very unreactive
100
As addition polymers are inert and unreactive this means they...
...dont break down very easily
101
What are the options for disposal of addition polymers?
1. reuse
2. recycle
3. incinerate
4. landfill
102
Why do intermolecular forces break easily in small molecules?
weaker intermolecular forces
103
Why are intermolecular forces harder to break in large molecules?
stronger intermolecular forces
104
Why do large molecules have high boiling points?
strong intermolecular forces
105
Why do small molecules have low boiling points?
weak intermolecular forces
106
Why are shorter hydrocarbons easy to ignite?
lower boiling points, gas at room temp
107
Why are longer hydrocarbons hard to ignite?
higher boiling points, liquid at room temp
108
What does viscosity mean?
how easily a substance flows
108
Why do long hydrocarbons have a high viscosity?
stronger intermolecular forces
109
Why do short hydrocarbons have low viscosity?
weaker intermolecular forces
