Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

iGCSE Chemistry > 5.4 Organics 2 > Flashcards

5.4 Organics 2 Flashcards

(93 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are alcohols?

A

organic molecules containing -OH functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are alcohols?

A

organic molecules containing -OH functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What functional group do alcohols contain?

A

-OH functional group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the formula for methanol?

A

CH3OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How many carbons does methanol have?

A

one carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the formula for ethanol?

A

C2H5OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the formula for propanol?

A

C3H7OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the formula for but all?

A

C4H9OH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many carbons does ethanol have?

A

2 carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many carbons does propanol have?

A

3 carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How many carbons does butanol have?

A

4 carbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where is OH attached in propan-1-ol?

A

OH attached to end carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is OH attached in propan-2-ol?

A

OH attached to middle carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three categories of formula for alcohols?

A

molecular formula
displayed formula
structural formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is molecular formula?

A

each element only once

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is displayed formula?

A

every atom and bond drawn out showing structure of molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is structural formula?

A

showing structure of formula without drawing bonds and atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is ethanol manufactured using hydration of ethene?

A

ethene mixed with steam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How can ethanol be manfucatured?

A

hydration of ethene
fermentation of glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the temperature for hydration of ethene?

A

300 degrees CelsiusW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the pressure for hydration of ethene?

A

65 atm pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the catalyst for hydration of ethene?

A

phosphoric acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What provides the ethene in hydration of ethene?

A

crude oil provides ethene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the advantages of hydration of ethene?

A

pure ethanol
runs continuously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
What are the disadvantages of hydration of ethene?
lots of energy required non renewable material used
25
How is ethanol manufactured using fermentation of glucose?
glucose fermented microbiologically
26
What conditions are needed for fermentation of glucose?
yeast 30 degrees Celsius anaerobic
27
What conditions are needed for hydration of ethene?
300 degrees Celsius 65 atm pressure phosphoric acid
28
What is used in fermentation of glucose?
yeast
29
What is the temperature for fermentation of glucose?
30 degrees Celsius - enzymes optimum temperature
30
What are the advantages of fermentation of glucose?
renewable raw material use conditions not energy intensive
31
What are the disadvantages of fermentation of glucose?
impure ethanol individual batches
32
How can ethanol be oxidised?
combustion microbial oxidation chemical oxidation
33
How does ethanol combust?
completely because of the oxygen in -OH group
34
What is the result of the oxidation of ethanol?
blue non luminous flame
35
What is microbial oxidation of ethanol?
micro-organisms use oxygen in air to oxidise ethanol into ethanoic acid
36
What do micro-organisms use to oxidise ethanol?
oxygen in the air
37
When can micro-organisms oxidise ethanol?
aerobic conditions
38
How do we represent a micro-organism in an equation?
[O]
39
How can ethanol be oxidised in the lab?
chemical oxidation
40
What is chemical oxidation of ethanol like?
heat ethanol potassium dichromate dilute sulfuric acid
41
What substances are heated with ethanol in chemical oxidation?
potassium dichromate dilute sulfuric acid
42
What is the colour change for chemical oxidation of ethanol?
orange to green
43
Which oxidation of ethanol has a colour change from orange to green?
chemical oxidation
44
What are carboxylic acids?
organic molecules containing -COOH functional group
45
How many carbons does methanoic acid have?
1 carbon
46
How many carbons does ethanoic acid have?
2 carbons
47
How many carbons does propanoic acid have?
3 carbons
48
How many carbons does butanoic acid have?
4 carbons
49
Which carboxylic acid has 1 carbon?
methanoic acid
50
Which carboxylic acid has 2 carbons?
ethanoic acid
51
Which carboxylic acid has 3 carbons?
propanoic acid
52
Which carboxylic acid has 4 carbons?
butanoic acid
53
What is the formula for methanoic acid?
HCOOH
54
What is the formula for ethanoic acid?
CH3 COOH
55
What is the formula for propanoic acid?
C2H5 COOH
56
What is the formula for butanoic acid?
C3H7 COOH
57
What is vinegar?
aqueous solution of ethanoic acid
58
When does vinegar form?
ethanol undergoes microbial oxidation
59
Why does vinegar have a sour, acrid taste?
acidity in ethanoic acid
60
What is an acid?
H + donor
61
What can carboxylic acids do?
donate H + to form a salt
62
What happens to carboxylic acids when they donate a H +?
becomes negatively charged
63
What happens in a metal + acid reaction?
effervescence solid disappears
64
What happens in a metal carbonate + acid reaction?
effervescence solid disappears
65
Why does effervescence occur in metal + acid reaction?
hydrogen produced
66
Why does effervescence occur in metal carbonate + acid reaction?
carbon dioxide produced
67
What esters?
organic molecules with the functional group -COO-
68
When do esters form?
carboxylic acid and alcohol join together by losing H2O
69
What is the ester functional group?
-COO-
70
What is the name of the ester that forms when ethanoic acid and ethanol react?
ethyl ethanoate
71
What is condensation?
when an ester forms because water is produced
72
Why is creating an ester called condesation?
water is produced
73
What can condensation also be called?
esterification
74
How do we prepare an ester?
1. mix carboxylic acid and alcohol together 2. add sulfuric acid 3. warm it 4. add sodium carbonate 5. wait until fizzing stops
75
What is the first substance added when preparing an ester?
sulfuric acid
76
Why is sulfuric acid used when preparing an ester?
catalyst
77
Name the catalyst for preparing an ester?
sulfuric acid
78
What is the second substance added when preparing an ester?
sodium carbonate
79
Why is sodium carbonate added when producing an ester?
neutralises sulfuric acid catalsyt
80
What does sodium carbonate neutralise?
sulfuric acid catalyst
81
What are esters like?
volatile compounds with distinctive smells
82
Give 2 uses for esters
food flavourings perfumes
83
What is a polyester?
polymer of molecules joined in chain by ester groups
84
What monomers are needed to make polyester?
dicarboxylic acid diol
85
What is a dicarboxylic acid?
-COOH at both ends
86
What is a diol?
-OH at both ends
87
What is condensation polymerisation?
H2O molecule lost every time monomer joins the chain
88
Give an example of dicarboxylic acid
ethanedioic acid
89
Give an example of a diol
ethanediol
90
Which polyesters are biodigredable?
biopolyesters
91
How can micro-organisms use biopolyesters?
enzymes break down polymers into monomers for energy supply
92
What is the benefit of biopolyesters?
reduces reliance on landfill and incineration to dispose of polyesters

iGCSE Chemistry (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions