Genetics

Question 1

What are Alleles?

Answer 1

Alleles are each two or more alternative forms a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Question 2

What is crossed breeding?

Answer 2

Crossed breeding is the breeding of two or more breeds of an animal to form a new breed.

Question 3

What is true-breeding?

Answer 3

True breeding aka pure breeding organism is an organism that always passes certain phenotype traits to it’s offspring.

Question 4

What is an offspring?

Answer 4

A person’s child or an animal’s young.

Question 5

What is a phenotype?

Answer 5

A phenotype is the set observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 6

What is a genotype?

Answer 6

A genotype is the genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Question 7

What is a gene?

Answer 7

A gene is a unit of heredity which is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine characteristic of the offspring.

Question 8

What is Mendel’s Experiment?

Answer 8

Gregor Mendel’s experiment led to the the development of the heredity model via testing the various characteristics of pea plants:

. Height (T vs t)
. Colour (Y vs y)
. Coat (S vs s)

Question 9

What does dominant mean?

Answer 9

Dominant is a dominant trait or gene

Question 10

What does recessive mean?

Answer 10

Recessive is relating to the denoting heritable characteristics controlled by genes which are expressed in offspring only when inherited from both parents.

Question 11

What are chromosomes?

Answer 11

Chromosomes are a thread like structure of Nucleic acids and proteins found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Question 12

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 12

Heterozygous refers to a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive.

Question 13

What is progeny?

Answer 13

Progeny is the descendants of a person, animal or plant aka offsprings

Question 14

What is a carrier?

Answer 14

A carrier is a molecule that transfers a specific molecule within the body, especially across a cell membrane.

Question 15

What are the two major classifications of blood?

Answer 15

ABO system and the Rh system.

Question 16

What are the four blood groups?

Answer 16

The four blood groups are A, B, AB and O. They will either be Rh positive and Rh negative.

Question 17

Who is given O negative blood?

Answer 17

O negative blood can be given to all blood types, but it’s preferable to match the same blood types to prevent a serious reaction.

Question 18

Why is haemophilia termed as a sex-linked disorder?

Answer 18

Haemophilia is passed through by the mothers recessive X gene.

Question 19

What is X linked recessive inheritance?

Answer 19

X linked recessive inheritance is the alteration in one gene on the X chromosome and causes a condition for males but not necessarily females.

Question 20

What is autosomal recessive?

Answer 20

Autosomal recessive is one of the many ways a trait, disorder or disease can be passed down through families. It means two copies of an abnormal gene must be present in order for the disease/trait to develop.

Question 21

What is an example of genetic testing?

Answer 21

A type of genetic testing is newborn baby screening. It is used to identify genetic disorders and proceed to treat them in early life.